{"id": "HB745", "year": 2001, "term": "2001-2002", "title": "revising Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code and related statutes.", "narrative": "It was introduced on February 15, 2001 and referred to the House Commerce committee. The committee held a public hearing on March 28, 2001. The majority of the committee recommended that the House pass it with changes unanimously, 12\u20130, and the report was placed on the consent calendar. On April 18, 2001 the House voted to pass it with changes. It crossed to the Senate on May 9, 2001 and was referred to the Senate Executive Departments and Administration committee. The committee held a public hearing on June 6, 2001. The committee recommended that the Senate pass it. On June 7, 2001 the Senate voted to pass it on a voice vote, then referred it on to the Senate Finance committee. The committee recommended that the Senate pass it. On June 12, 2001 the Senate voted to pass it on a voice vote and ordered it to a third reading. The bill was enrolled on June 13, 2001 \u2014 the final check of the text before it goes to the governor \u2014 and an enrolled bill amendment (1714) was adopted to correct technical errors found after passage. The bill was enrolled on June 26, 2001 \u2014 the final check of the text before it goes to the governor. The governor signed it on June 26, 2001, making it Chapter 102 of the session laws. It took effect on June 26, 2001.", "stages": [{"label": "House Committee (Commerce)", "hand": "H:committee", "text": "It was introduced on February 15, 2001 and referred to the House Commerce committee. The committee held a public hearing on March 28, 2001. The majority of the committee recommended that the House pass it with changes unanimously, 12\u20130, and the report was placed on the consent calendar.", "notes": ["Reports on the consent calendar are adopted together in one vote, without debate."]}, {"label": "On the House Floor", "hand": "H:floor", "text": "On April 18, 2001 the House voted to pass it with changes.", "notes": []}, {"label": "Senate Committee (Executive Departments and Administration)", "hand": "S:committee", "text": "It crossed to the Senate on May 9, 2001 and was referred to the Senate Executive Departments and Administration committee. The committee held a public hearing on June 6, 2001. The committee recommended that the Senate pass it.", "notes": []}, {"label": "On the Senate Floor", "hand": "S:floor", "text": "On June 7, 2001 the Senate voted to pass it on a voice vote, then referred it on to the Senate Finance committee.", "notes": []}, {"label": "Senate Committee (Finance)", "hand": "S:committee", "text": "The committee recommended that the Senate pass it.", "notes": []}, {"label": "On the Senate Floor", "hand": "S:floor", "text": "On June 12, 2001 the Senate voted to pass it on a voice vote and ordered it to a third reading.", "notes": []}, {"label": "With the Governor", "hand": "G:governor", "text": "The bill was enrolled on June 13, 2001 \u2014 the final check of the text before it goes to the governor \u2014 and an enrolled bill amendment (1714) was adopted to correct technical errors found after passage. The bill was enrolled on June 26, 2001 \u2014 the final check of the text before it goes to the governor. The governor signed it on June 26, 2001, making it Chapter 102 of the session laws. It took effect on June 26, 2001.", "notes": []}], "notes": [], "vote_note": "", "events": [{"date": "2001-02-15", "text": "Introduced and ref to Commerce; HJ20, p286", "routine": false, "cite": "HJ 20"}, {"date": "2001-02-20", "text": "Copy to Chairman on 2/20/2001", "routine": false}, {"date": "2001-03-28", "text": "Hearing Mar 28 11:00 RM302,LOB", "routine": false}, {"date": "2001-04-11", "text": "Maj Report OTP/AM for Apr 18 (vote 12-0;CC)", "routine": false}, {"date": "2001-04-11", "text": "Prop Comm Am{0530}; HC31, p846-848", "routine": false, "cite": "HC 31"}, {"date": "2001-04-18", "text": "Passed with Am; HJ39, p1088-1090 + 1178", "routine": false, "cite": "HJ 39"}, {"date": "2001-05-09", "text": "Introduced and Ref. to Executive Departments & Administration", "routine": false, "cite": "SJ 12"}, {"date": "2001-06-06", "text": "Hearing; June 6, 2001, Room 104, LOB, 2:10 p.m.; SC26", "routine": false, "cite": "SC 26"}, {"date": "2001-06-07", "text": "Committee Report; Ought to Pass, [06/07/01]; SC30", "routine": false, "cite": "SC 30"}, {"date": "2001-06-07", "text": "Ought to Pass, MA, VV; Refer to Finance [Rule 24]; SJ17, Pg.367", "routine": false, "cite": "SJ 17"}, {"date": "2001-06-08", "text": "Committee Report; Ought to Pass, [06/12/01]; SC31", "routine": false, "cite": "SC 31"}, {"date": "2001-06-12", "text": "Ought to Pass, MA, VV; OT3rdg, MA, VV", "routine": false, "cite": "SJ 18"}, {"date": "2001-06-12", "text": "Enrolled Bill Amendment {1714}, Adopted", "routine": true, "cite": "SJ 18"}, {"date": "2001-06-13", "text": "Enrolled Am{1714}, Adopted; HJ61, p1758", "routine": false, "cite": "HJ 61", "plain": "Enrolled: the final text checked before it goes to the Governor"}, {"date": "2001-06-26", "text": "Enrolled; HJ61, p1762", "routine": false, "cite": "HJ 61", "plain": "Enrolled: the final text checked before it goes to the Governor"}, {"date": "2001-06-26", "text": "Enrolled", "routine": false, "cite": "SJ 19", "plain": "Enrolled: the final text checked before it goes to the Governor"}, {"date": "2001-06-26", "text": "Signed by the Governor on 6/26/2001 Eff: 6/26/2001* Chap: 0102", "routine": false}, {"date": "2001-06-26", "text": "*Multiple Effective Dates, see Chapter", "routine": false}], "next_step": "Signed into law", "archived": {"docket": true, "sponsors": true, "reports": true, "votes": true, "video": false, "hearings": true, "committee": true}, "status_source": "General Court docket", "chapter": "102", "journey": {"steps": [{"date": "2001-04-18", "body": "H", "act": "passed", "mark": "p", "text": "Passed with an amendment"}, {"date": "2001-06-07", "body": "S", "act": "referred", "mark": "h", "text": "Approved and sent to Finance on a voice vote"}, {"date": "2001-06-12", "body": "S", "act": "passed", "mark": "p", "text": "Passed on a voice vote"}, {"date": "2001-06-26", "body": "G", "act": "signed", "mark": "p", "text": "Signed"}, {"date": "", "body": "L", "act": "law", "text": "Chapter 102", "mark": "p"}], "rail": [{"stop": "Introduced", "mark": "p", "date": "2001-02-15", "say": "Introduced"}, {"stop": "House", "mark": "p", "date": "2001-04-18", "say": "Passed with an amendment"}, {"stop": "Senate", "mark": "p", "date": "2001-06-12", "say": "Passed on a voice vote"}, {"stop": "Governor", "mark": "p", "date": "2001-06-26", "say": "Signed"}, {"stop": "Law", "mark": "p", "date": "", "say": "Chapter 102"}]}, "text_url": "", "facts": {"gen_status": "SIGNED BY GOVERNOR", "house_status": "PASSED/ADOPTED WITH AMENDMENT", "senate_status": "PASSED/ADOPTED"}, "sponsors": [{"member_id": "414", "name": "John Hunt", "party": "R", "chamber": "H", "county": "Cheshire", "district": "10", "label": "Rep. John Hunt (R - Ches 10)", "sequence": 0, "prime": true, "source": "bill text", "prime_inferred": true, "as_printed": "Rep. Hunt, Ches 10", "display_plain": "Rep. John Hunt", "display": "Rep. John Hunt (R)", "display_full": "Rep. John Hunt (R - Ches 10)", "district_label": "Ches 10", "sort": "hunt, john", "slug": "john-hunt-ches-14"}, {"member_id": "205010", "name": "Edward (Ned) Gordon", "party": "R", "chamber": "S", "county": "", "district": "2", "label": "Sen. Edward (Ned) Gordon (R - SD2)", "sequence": 1, "prime": false, "source": "bill text", "prime_inferred": true, "as_printed": "Sen. Gordon, Dist 2", "display_plain": "Sen. Edward (Ned) Gordon", "display": "Sen. Edward (Ned) Gordon (R)", "display_full": "Sen. Edward (Ned) Gordon (R - SD2)", "district_label": "SD2", "sort": "gordon, edward (ned)", "slug": "edward-ned-gordon-sd-2"}], "rollcalls": [{"date": "2001-06-07", "body": "S", "question": "Ought to Pass", "mover": "", "yeas": null, "nays": null, "passed": true, "vote_kind": "VV", "vote_kind_label": "voice vote", "threshold_note": null, "tally": {}, "members": [], "amendment": null, "mk": "otp", "mf": {}}, {"date": "2001-06-12", "body": "S", "question": "Ought to Pass", "mover": "", "yeas": null, "nays": null, "passed": true, "vote_kind": "VV", "vote_kind_label": "voice vote", "threshold_note": null, "tally": {}, "members": [], "amendment": null, "mk": "otp", "mf": {}}], "stations": [{"when": "2001-03-28", "time": "11:00", "what": "hearing", "committee": "Commerce", "body": "H", "venue": "RM302,LOB", "video_id": "", "watch": null, "predicted": "", "start": null, "state": "prestream", "tolerance": null, "short": false, "end": null, "end_stated": false, "end_from": null, "candidate": null, "start_stated": false, "said_how": null, "end_stated_cluster": false}, {"when": "2001-06-06", "time": "14:10", "what": "hearing", "committee": "Executive Departments and Administration", "body": "S", "venue": "LOB 104", "video_id": "", "watch": null, "predicted": "", "start": null, "state": "prestream", "tolerance": null, "short": false, "end": null, "end_stated": false, "end_from": null, "candidate": null, "start_stated": false, "said_how": null, "end_stated_cluster": false}], "reports": [], "docket_reports": [{"date": "2001-04-11", "dated": "recorded", "body": "H", "committee": "Commerce", "side": "Majority", "recommendation": "OUGHT TO PASS WITH AMENDMENT", "vote_yeas": 12, "vote_nays": 0, "amendment": "", "new_title": false, "cite": "", "cite_url": ""}, {"date": "2001-06-07", "dated": "recorded", "body": "S", "committee": "Executive Departments and Administration", "side": "", "recommendation": "OUGHT TO PASS", "vote_yeas": null, "vote_nays": null, "amendment": "", "new_title": false, "cite": "SC 30", "cite_url": ""}, {"date": "2001-06-08", "dated": "recorded", "body": "S", "committee": "Finance", "side": "", "recommendation": "OUGHT TO PASS", "vote_yeas": null, "vote_nays": null, "amendment": "", "new_title": false, "cite": "SC 31", "cite_url": ""}], "report_actions": [], "veto_message": null, "bill_note": null, "subject": "Miscellaneous", "subject_source": "granite record", "house_committee": "Commerce", "senate_committee": "Executive Departments and Administration", "lsr": "2001-412", "docket_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/bill_status/legacy/bs2016/bill_docket.aspx?lsr=412&sy=2001&txtsessionyear=2001&txtbillnumber=hb745&sortoption=billnumber", "documents": [{"label": "Bill status page", "url": "https://gc.nh.gov/bill_status/legacy/bs2016/Bill_status.aspx?lsr=412&sy=2001&txtsessionyear=2001&txtbillnumber=hb745&sortoption=billnumber", "kind": "status"}, {"label": "Docket", "url": "https://gc.nh.gov/bill_status/legacy/bs2016/bill_docket.aspx?lsr=412&sy=2001&txtsessionyear=2001&txtbillnumber=hb745&sortoption=billnumber", "kind": "docket"}], "amendments": [{"num": "1714", "kind": "Enrolled Bill Amendment", "where": "enrolment", "date": "2001-06-12", "body": "S", "adopted": true, "vote_kind": "", "mover": "", "proposed_by": "", "text": "", "source": "", "targets": [], "supersedes": []}], "billtext": {"version": "Final version", "title": "", "analysis": "This bill revises Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code relative to secured transactions. The bill also makes changes to related statutes and includes a new chapter regarding the coordinated secretary of state database that will contain listings of UCC liens as well as certain other liens.", "body": "18apr01...0530h\n\n13june01...1714eba\n\nBe it Enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened:\n\n102:1 UCC; Parties' Power to Choose Applicable Law. Amend RSA 382-A:1-105(2) to read as follows:\n\n(2) Where one of the following provisions of this [ Act] chapter specifies the applicable law, that provision governs and a contrary agreement is effective only to the extent permitted by the law (including the conflict of laws rules) so specified:\n\nRights of creditors against sold goods. Section 2-402.\n\nApplicability of the Article on Leases. Sections 2A-105 and 2A-106.\n\nApplicability of the Article on Bank Deposits and Collections. Section 4-102.\n\nGoverning law in the Article on Funds Transfers. Section 4A-507.\n\nLetters of Credit. Section 5-116.\n\nApplicability of the Article on Investment Securities. Section 8-110.\n\n[ Perfection provisions of the Article on Secured Transactions. Section 9-103.] Law governing perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of security interests and agricultural liens. Sections 9-301 through 9-307.\n\n[ Governing law in the Article on Fund Transfers. Section 4A-507.\n\nLetters of Credit. Section 5-116. ]\n\n102:2 UCC; Section Captions. Amend RSA 382-A:1-109 to read as follows:\n\n382-A:1-109 Section Captions. Section captions are parts of this chapter. The subsection headings in the Article on Secured Transactions are not parts of this chapter.\n\n102:3 UCC; Definition of Buyer in Ordinary Course of Business. RSA 382-A:1-201(9) is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:\n\n(9) \"Buyer in ordinary course of business\" means a person that buys goods in good faith, without knowledge that the sale violates the rights of another person in the goods, and in the ordinary course from a person, other than a pawnbroker, in the business of selling goods of that kind. A person buys goods in the ordinary course if the sale to the person comports with the usual or customary practices in the kind of business in which the seller is engaged or with the seller's own usual or customary practices. A person that sells oil, gas, or other minerals at the wellhead or minehead is a person in the business of selling goods of that kind. A buyer in ordinary course of business may buy for cash, by exchange of other property, or on secured or unsecured credit, and may acquire goods or documents of title under a pre-existing contract for sale. Only a buyer that takes possession of the goods or has a right to recover the goods from the seller under Article 2 may be a buyer in ordinary course of business. A person that acquires goods in a transfer in bulk or as security for or in total or partial satisfaction of a money debt is not a buyer in ordinary course of business.\n\n102:4 UCC; Definition of Purchase. Amend RSA 382-A:1-201(32) to read as follows:\n\n(32) \"Purchase\" includes taking by sale, discount, negotiation, mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest, issue or re-issue, gift, or any other voluntary transaction creating an interest in property.\n\n102:5 UCC; Definition of Security Interest. The introductory paragraph of RSA 382-A:1-201(37) is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:\n\n(37) \"Security interest\" means an interest in personal property or fixtures which secures payment or performance of an obligation. The term also includes any interest of a consignor and a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, a payment intangible, or a promissory note in a transaction that is subject to Article 9. The special property interest of a buyer of goods on identification of those goods to a contract for sale under Section 2-401 is not a \"security interest\", but a buyer may also acquire a \"security interest\" by complying with Article 9. Except as otherwise provided in Section 2-505, the right of a seller or lessor of goods under Article 2 or 2A to retain or acquire possession of the goods is not a \"security interest\", but a seller or lessor may also acquire a \"security interest\" by complying with Article 9. The retention or reservation of title by a seller of goods notwithstanding shipment or delivery to the buyer (Section 2-401) is limited in effect to a reservation of a \"security interest\".\n\n102:6 UCC; Sales; Definition References. Amend RSA 382-A:2-103(3) to read as follows:\n\n(3) The following definitions in other Articles apply to this Article:\n\n\"Check\". Section 3-104.\n\n\"Consignee\". Section 7-102.\n\n\"Consignor\". Section 7-102.\n\n\"Consumer goods\". Section [ 9-109] 9-102.\n\n\"Dishonor\". Section [ 3-507] 3-502.\n\n\"Draft\". Section 3-104.\n\n102:7 UCC; Sales; Delegation of Performance; Assignment of Rights. Amend RSA 382-A:2-210 to read as follows:\n\n382-A:2-210 Delegation of Performance; Assignment of Rights.\n\n(1) A party may perform his duty through a delegate unless otherwise agreed or unless the other party has a substantial interest in having his original promisor perform or control the acts required by the contract. No delegation of performance relieves the party delegating of any duty to perform or any liability for breach.\n\n(2) Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-406, unless otherwise agreed all rights of either seller or buyer can be assigned except where the assignment would materially change the duty of the other party, or increase materially the burden or risk imposed on him by his contract, or impair materially his chance of obtaining return performance. A right to damages for breach of the whole contract or a right arising out of the assignor's due performance of his entire obligation can be assigned despite agreement otherwise.\n\n(3) The creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in the seller's interest under a contract is not a transfer that materially changes the duty of or increases materially the burden or risk imposed on the buyer or impairs materially the buyer's chance of obtaining return performance within the purview of subsection (2) unless, and then only to the extent that, enforcement actually results in a delegation of material performance of the seller. Even in that event, the creation, attachment, perfection, and enforcement of the security interest remain effective, but (i) the seller is liable to the buyer for damages caused by the delegation to the extent that the damages could not reasonably be prevented by the buyer, and (ii) a court having jurisdiction may grant other appropriate relief, including cancellation of the contract for sale or an injunction against enforcement of the security interest or consummation of the enforcement.\n\n[ (3)] (4) Unless the circumstances indicate the contrary, a prohibition of assignment of \"the contract\" is to be construed as barring only the delegation to the assignee of the assignor's performance.\n\n[ (4)] (5) An assignment of \"the contract\" or of \"all my rights under the contract\" or an assignment in similar general terms is an assignment of rights and unless the language or the circumstances (as in an assignment for security) indicate the contrary, it is a delegation of performance of the duties of the assignor and its acceptance by the assignee constitutes a promise by him to perform those duties. This promise is enforceable by either the assignor or the other party to the original contract.\n\n[ (5)] (6) The other party may treat any assignment which delegates performance as creating reasonable grounds for insecurity and may without prejudice to his rights against the assignor demand assurance from the assignee (Section 2-609).\n\n102:8 UCC; Sales; Consignment Sales and Rights of Creditors. RSA 382-A:2-326 is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:\n\n382-A:2-326 Sale on Approval and Sale or Return; Rights of Creditors.\n\n(1) Unless otherwise agreed, if delivered goods may be returned by the buyer even though they conform to the contract, the transaction is\n\n(a) a \"sale on approval\" if the goods are delivered primarily for use, and\n\n(b) a \"sale or return\" if the goods are delivered primarily for resale.\n\n(2) Goods held on approval are not subject to the claims of the buyer's creditors until acceptance; goods held on sale or return are subject to such claims while in the buyer's possession.\n\n(3) Any \"or return\" term of a contract for sale is to be treated as a separate contract for sale within the statute of frauds section of this Article (Section 2-201) and as contradicting the sale aspect of the contract within the provisions of this Article on parol or extrinsic evidence (Section 2-202).\n\n102:9 UCC; Sales; Buyer's Right to Goods on Seller's Insolvency. RSA 382-A:2-502 is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:\n\n382-A:2-502 Buyer's Right to Goods on Seller's Repudiation, Failure to Deliver, or Insolvency.\n\n(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) and even though the goods have not been shipped a buyer who has paid a part or all of the price of goods in which he has a special property under the provisions of the immediately preceding section may on making and keeping good a tender of any unpaid portion of their price recover them from the seller if:\n\n(a) in the case of goods bought for personal, family, or household purposes, the seller repudiates or fails to deliver as required by the contract; or\n\n(b) in all cases, the seller becomes insolvent within ten days after receipt of the first installment on their price.\n\n(2) The buyer's right to recover the goods under subsection (1)(a) vests upon acquisition of a special property, even if the seller had not then repudiated or failed to deliver.\n\n(3) If the identification creating his or her special property has been made by the buyer he or she acquires the right to recover the goods only if they conform to the contract for sale.\n\n102:10 UCC; Sales; Buyer's Right to Specific Performance or Replevin. Amend RSA 382-A:2-716(3) to read as follows:\n\n(3) The buyer has a right of replevin for goods identified to the contract if after reasonable effort [ he] the buyer is unable to effect cover for such goods or the circumstances reasonably indicate that such effort will be unavailing or if the goods have been shipped under reservation and satisfaction of the security interest in them has been made or tendered. In the case of goods bought for personal, family, or household purposes, the buyer's right of replevin vests upon acquisition of a special property, even if the seller had not then repudiated or failed to deliver.\n\n102:11 UCC; Leases; Index of Definitions. RSA 382-A:2A-103(3) is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:\n\n(3) The following definitions in other articles apply to this article:\n\n\"Account\". Section 9-102(a)(2).\n\n\"Between merchants\". Section 2-104(3).\n\n\"Buyer\". Section 2-103(1)(a).\n\n\"Chattel paper\". Section 9-102(a)(11).\n\n\"Consumer goods\". Section 9-102(a)(23).\n\n\"Document\". Section 9-102(a)(30).\n\n\"Entrusting\". Section 2-403(3).\n\n\"General intangible\". Section 9-102(a)(42).\n\n\"Good faith\". Section 2-103(1)(b).\n\n\"Instrument\". Section 9-102(a)(47).\n\n\"Merchant\". Section 2-104(1).\n\n\"Mortgage\". Section 9-102(a)(55).\n\n\"Pursuant to commitment\". Section 9-102(a)(68).\n\n\"Receipt\". Section 2-103(1)(c).\n\n\"Sale\". Section 2-106(1).\n\n\"Sale on approval\". Section 2-326.\n\n\"Sale or return\". Section 2-326.\n\n\"Seller\". Section 2-103(1)(d)\n\n102:12 UCC; Leases; Alienability of Party's Interest Under Lease Contract or of Lessor's Residual Interest in Goods; Delegation of Performance; Transfer of Rights. RSA 382-A:2A-303 is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:\n\n382-A:2A-303 Alienability of Party's Interest Under Lease Contract or of Lessor's Residual Interest in Goods; Delegation of Performance; Transfer of Rights.\n\n(1) As used in this section, \"creation of a security interest\" includes the sale of a lease contract that is subject to Article 9, Secured Transactions, by reason of Section 9-109(a)(3).\n\n(2) Except as provided in subsection (3) and Section 9-407, a provision in a lease agreement which (i) prohibits the voluntary or involuntary transfer, including a transfer by sale, sublease, creation or enforcement of a security interest, or attachment, levy, or other judicial process, of an interest of a party under the lease contract or of the lessor's residual interest in the goods, or (ii) makes such a transfer an event of default, gives rise to the rights and remedies provided in subsection (4), but a transfer that is prohibited or is an event of default under the lease agreement is otherwise effective.\n\n(3) A provision in a lease agreement which (i) prohibits a transfer of a right to damages for default with respect to the whole lease contract or of a right to payment arising out of the transferor's due performance of the transferor's entire obligation, or (ii) makes such a transfer an event of default, is not enforceable, and such a transfer is not a transfer that materially impairs the prospect of obtaining return performance by, materially changes the duty of, or materially increases the burden or risk imposed on, the other party to the lease contract within the purview of subsection (4).\n\n(4) Subject to subsection (3) and Section 9-407:\n\n(a) if a transfer is made which is made an event of default under a lease agreement, the party to the lease contract not making the transfer, unless that party waives the default or otherwise agrees, has the rights and remedies described in Section 2A-501(2);\n\n(b) if paragraph (a) is not applicable and if a transfer is made that (i) is prohibited under a lease agreement or (ii) materially impairs the prospect of obtaining return performance by, materially changes the duty of, or materially increases the burden or risk imposed on, the other party to the lease contract, unless the party not making the transfer agrees at any time to the transfer in the lease contract or otherwise, then, except as limited by contract, (i) the transferor is liable to the party not making the transfer for damages caused by the transfer to the extent that the damages could not reasonably be prevented by the party not making the transfer and (ii) a court having jurisdiction may grant other appropriate relief, including cancellation of the lease contract or an injunction against the transfer.\n\n(5) A transfer of \"the lease\" or of \"all my rights under the lease\", or a transfer in similar general terms, is a transfer of rights and, unless the language or the circumstances, as in a transfer for security, indicate the contrary, the transfer is a delegation of duties by the transferor to the transferee. Acceptance by the transferee constitutes a promise by the transferee to perform those duties. The promise is enforceable by either the transferor or the other party to the lease contract.\n\n(6) Unless otherwise agreed by the lessor and the lessee, a delegation of performance does not relieve the transferor as against the other party of any duty to perform or of any liability for default.\n\n(7) In a consumer lease, to prohibit the transfer of an interest of a party under the lease contract or to make a transfer an event of default, the language must be specific, by a writing, and conspicuous.\n\n102:13 UCC; Leases; Priority of Liens Arising by Attachment or Levy on, Security Interests in, and Other Claims to Goods. RSA 382-A:2A-307 is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:\n\n382-A:2A-307 Priority of Liens Arising by Attachment or Levy on, Security Interests in, and Other Claims to Goods.\n\n(1) Except as otherwise provided in Section 2A-306, a creditor of a lessee takes subject to the lease contract.\n\n(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3) and in Sections 2A-306 and 2A-308, a creditor of a lessor takes subject to the lease contract unless the creditor holds a lien that attached to the goods before the lease contract became enforceable.\n\n(3) Except as otherwise provided in Sections 9-317, 9-321, and 9-323, a lessee takes a leasehold interest subject to a security interest held by a creditor of the lessor.\n\n102:14 UCC; Leases; Lessor's and Lessee's Rights When Goods Become Fixtures. RSA 382-A:2A-309(1)(b) is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:\n\n(b) a \"fixture filing\" is the filing, in the office where a record of a mortgage on the real estate would be filed or recorded, of a financing statement covering goods that are or are to become fixtures and conforming to the requirements of Section 9-502(a) and (b);\n\n102:15 UCC; Bank Deposits and Collections; Security Interest of Collecting Bank in Items, Accompanying Documents and Proceeds. Amend RSA 382-A:4-210(c)(1) to read as follows:\n\n(1) no security agreement is necessary to make the security interest enforceable (Section [ 9-203(1)(a)] 9-203(b)(3)(A));\n\n102:16 New Section; UCC; Letters of Credit; Security Interest of Issuer or Nominated Person. Amend RSA 382-A by inserting after section 5-117 the following new section:\n\n382-A:5-118 Security Interest of Issuer or Nominated Person.\n\n(a) An issuer or nominated person has a security interest in a document presented under a letter of credit to the extent that the issuer or nominated person honors or gives value for the presentation.\n\n(b) So long as and to the extent that an issuer or nominated person has not been reimbursed or has not otherwise recovered the value given with respect to a security interest in a document under subsection (a), the security interest continues and is subject to Article 9, but:\n\n(1) a security agreement is not necessary to make the security interest enforceable under Section 9-203(b)(3);\n\n(2) if the document is presented in a medium other than a written or other tangible medium, the security interest is perfected; and\n\n(3) if the document is presented in a written or other tangible medium and is not a certificated security, chattel paper, a document of title, an instrument, or a letter of credit, the security interest is perfected and has priority over a conflicting security interest in the document so long as the debtor does not have possession of the document.\n\n102:17 UCC; Warehouse Receipts; Document of Title to Goods Defeated in Certain Cases. Amend RSA 382-A:7-503(1)(a) to read as follows:\n\n(a) delivered or entrusted them or any document of title covering them to the bailor or his nominee with actual or apparent authority to ship, store or sell or with power to obtain delivery under this Article (Section 7-403) or with power of disposition under this chapter (Sections 2-403 and [ 9-307] 9-320) or other statute or rule of law; nor\n\n102:18 UCC; Investment Securities; Issuer's Lien. Amend RSA 382-A:8-103(f) to read as follows:\n\n(f) A commodity contract, as defined in Section [ 9-115] 9-102(a)(15), is not a security or a financial asset.\n\n102:19 UCC; Investment Securities; Applicability. Amend RSA 382-A:8-106(d) to read as follows:\n\n(d) A purchaser has \"control\" of a security entitlement if:\n\n(1) the purchaser becomes the entitlement holder; [ or]\n\n(2) the securities intermediary has agreed that it will comply with entitlement orders originated by the purchaser without further consent by the entitlement holder[.]; or\n\n(3) another person has control of the security entitlement on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously acquired control of the security entitlement, acknowledges that it has control on behalf of the purchaser.\n\n102:20 UCC; Investment Securities; Applicability. Amend RSA 382-A:8-106(f) to read as follows:\n\n(f) A purchaser who has satisfied the requirements of subsection (c)[ (2)] or (d)[ (2)] has control even if the registered owner in the case of subsection (c)[ (2)] or the entitlement holder in the case of subsection (d)[ (2)] retains the right to make substitutions for the uncertificated security or security entitlement, to originate instructions or entitlement orders to the issuer or securities intermediary, or otherwise to deal with the uncertificated security or security entitlement.\n\n102:21 UCC; Investment Securities; Applicability; Choice of Law. RSA 382-A:8-110(e) is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:\n\n(e) The following rules determine a \"securities intermediary's jurisdiction\" for purposes of this section:\n\n(1) If an agreement between the securities intermediary and its entitlement holder governing the securities account expressly provides that a particular jurisdiction is the securities intermediary's jurisdiction for purposes of this part, this article, or this chapter, that jurisdiction is the securities intermediary's jurisdiction.\n\n(2) If paragraph (1) does not apply and an agreement between the securities intermediary and its entitlement holder governing the securities account expressly provides that the agreement is governed by the law of a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the securities intermediary's jurisdiction.\n\n(3) If neither paragraph (1) nor paragraph (2) applies and an agreement between the securities intermediary and its entitlement holder governing the securities account expressly provides that the securities account is maintained at an office in a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the securities intermediary's jurisdiction.\n\n(4) If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the securities intermediary's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the office identified in an account statement as the office serving the entitlement holder's account is located.\n\n(5) If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the securities intermediary's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the chief executive office of the securities intermediary is located.\n\n102:22 UCC; Investment Securities; Delivery. RSA 382-A:8-301(a)(3) is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:\n\n(3) a securities intermediary acting on behalf of the purchaser acquires possession of the security certificate, only if the certificate is in registered form and is (i) registered in the name of the purchaser, (ii) payable to the order of the purchaser, or (iii) specially indorsed to the purchaser by an effective indorsement and has not been indorsed to the securities intermediary or in blank.\n\n102:23 UCC; Investment Securities; Rights of Purchaser. RSA 382-A:8-302(a) is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:\n\n(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (c), a purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security acquires all rights in the security that the transferor had or had power to transfer.\n\n102:24 UCC; Investment Securities; Rights of Purchaser of Security Entitlement From Entitlement Holder. RSA 382-A:8-510 is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:\n\n382-A:8-510 Rights of Purchaser of Security Entitlement From Entitlement Holder.\n\n(a) In a case not covered by the priority rules in Article 9 or the rules stated in subsection (c), an action based on an adverse claim to a financial asset or security entitlement, whether framed in conversion, replevin, constructive trust, equitable lien, or other theory, may not be asserted against a person who purchases a security entitlement, or an interest therein, from an entitlement holder if the purchaser gives value, does not have notice of the adverse claim, and obtains control.\n\n(b) If an adverse claim could not have been asserted against an entitlement holder under Section 8-502, the adverse claim cannot be asserted against a person who purchases a security entitlement, or an interest therein, from the entitlement holder.\n\n(c) In a case not covered by the priority rules in Article 9, a purchaser for value of a security entitlement, or an interest therein, who obtains control has priority over a purchaser of a security entitlement, or an interest therein, who does not obtain control. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), purchasers who have control rank according to priority in time of:\n\n(1) the purchaser's becoming the person for whom the securities account, in which the security entitlement is carried, is maintained, if the purchaser obtained control under Section 8-106(d)(1);\n\n(2) the securities intermediary's agreement to comply with the purchaser's entitlement orders with respect to security entitlements carried or to be carried in the securities account in which the security entitlement is carried, if the purchaser obtained control under Section 8-106(d)(2); or\n\n(3) if the purchaser obtained control through another person under Section 8-106(d)(3), the time on which priority would be based under this subsection if the other person were the secured party.\n\n(d) A securities intermediary as purchaser has priority over a conflicting purchaser who has control unless otherwise agreed by the securities intermediary.\n\n102:25 UCC; Secured Transactions; Sales of Accounts, Chattel Paper, Payment Intangibles, and Promissory Notes. RSA 382-A:9 is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:\n\nARTICLE 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS\n\nPart 1\n\nGeneral Provisions\n\nSubpart 1. Short Title, Definitions, and General Concepts\n\n382-A:9-101 Short Title. This article may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code-Secured Transactions.\n\n382-A:9-102 Definitions and Index of Definitions.\n\n(a) Article 9 definitions. In this article:\n\n(1) \"Accession\" means goods that are physically united with other goods in such a manner that the identity of the original goods is not lost.\n\n(2) \"Account\", except as used in \"account for\", means a right to payment of a monetary obligation, whether or not earned by performance, (i) for property that has been or is to be sold, leased, licensed, assigned, or otherwise disposed of, (ii) for services rendered or to be rendered, (iii) for a policy of insurance issued or to be issued, (iv) for a secondary obligation incurred or to be incurred, (v) for energy provided or to be provided, (vi) for the use or hire of a vessel under a charter or other contract, (vii) arising out of the use of a credit or charge card or information contained on or for use with the card, or (viii) as winnings in a lottery or other game of chance operated or sponsored by a State, governmental unit of a State, or person licensed or authorized to operate the game by a State or governmental unit of a State. The term includes health-care-insurance receivables. The term does not include (i) rights to payment evidenced by chattel paper or an instrument, (ii) commercial tort claims, (iii) deposit accounts, (iv) investment property, (v) letter-of-credit rights or letters of credit, or (vi) rights to payment for money or funds advanced or sold, other than rights arising out of the use of a credit or charge card or information contained on or for use with the card.\n\n(3) \"Account debtor\" means a person obligated on an account, chattel paper, or general intangible. The term does not include persons obligated to pay a negotiable instrument, even if the instrument constitutes part of chattel paper.\n\n(4) \"Accounting\", except as used in \"accounting for\", means a record:\n\n(A) authenticated by a secured party;\n\n(B) indicating the aggregate unpaid secured obligations as of a date not more than 35 days earlier or 35 days later than the date of the record; and\n\n(C) identifying the components of the obligations in reasonable detail.\n\n(5) \"Agricultural lien\" means an interest, other than a security interest, in farm products:\n\n(A) which secures payment or performance of an obligation for:\n\n(i) goods or services furnished in connection with a debtor's farming operation; or\n\n(ii) rent on real property leased by a debtor in connection with its farming operation;\n\n(B) which is created by statute in favor of a person that:\n\n(i) in the ordinary course of its business furnished goods or services to a debtor in connection with a debtor's farming operation; or\n\n(ii) leased real property to a debtor in connection with the debtor's farming operation; and\n\n(C) whose effectiveness does not depend on the person's possession of the personal property.\n\n(6) \"As-extracted collateral\" means:\n\n(A) oil, gas, or other minerals that are subject to a security interest that:\n\n(i) is created by a debtor having an interest in the minerals before extraction; and\n\n(ii) attaches to the minerals as extracted; or\n\n(B) accounts arising out of the sale at the wellhead or minehead of oil, gas, or other minerals in which the debtor had an interest before extraction.\n\n(7) \"Authenticate\" means:\n\n(A) to sign; or\n\n(B) to execute or otherwise adopt a symbol, or encrypt or similarly process a record in whole or in part, with the present intent of the authenticating person to identify the person and adopt or accept a record.\n\n(8) \"Bank\" means an organization that is engaged in the business of banking. The term includes savings banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, and trust companies.\n\n(9) \"Cash proceeds\" means proceeds that are money, checks, deposit accounts, or the like.\n\n(10) \"Certificate of title\" means a certificate of title with respect to which a statute provides for the security interest in question to be indicated on the certificate as a condition or result of the security interest's obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the collateral.\n\n(11) \"Chattel paper\" means a record or records that evidence both a monetary obligation and a security interest in specific goods, a security interest in specific goods and software used in the goods, a security interest in specific goods and license of software used in the goods, a lease of specific goods, or a lease of specific goods and license of software used in the goods. In this paragraph, \"monetary obligation\" means a monetary obligation secured by the goods or owed under a lease of the goods and includes a monetary obligation with respect to software used in the goods. The term does not include (i) charters or other contracts involving the use or hire of a vessel or (ii) records that evidence a right to payment arising out of the use of a credit or charge card or information contained on or for use with the card. If a transaction is evidenced by records that include an instrument or series of instruments, the group of records taken together constitutes chattel paper.\n\n(12) \"Collateral\" means the property subject to a security interest or agricultural lien. The term includes:\n\n(A) proceeds to which a security interest attaches;\n\n(B) accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, and promissory notes that have been sold; and\n\n(C) goods that are the subject of a consignment.\n\n(13) \"Commercial tort claim\" means a claim arising in tort with respect to which:\n\n(A) the claimant is an organization; or\n\n(B) the claimant is an individual and the claim:\n\n(i) arose in the course of the claimant's business or profession; and\n\n(ii) does not include damages arising out of personal injury to or the death of an individual.\n\n(14) \"Commodity account\" means an account maintained by a commodity intermediary in which a commodity contract is carried for a commodity customer.\n\n(15) \"Commodity contract\" means a commodity futures contract, an option on a commodity futures contract, a commodity option, or another contract if the contract or option is:\n\n(A) traded on or subject to the rules of a board of trade that has been designated as a contract market for such a contract pursuant to federal commodities laws; or\n\n(B) traded on a foreign commodity board of trade, exchange, or market, and is carried on the books of a commodity intermediary for a commodity customer.\n\n(16) \"Commodity customer\" means a person for which a commodity intermediary carries a commodity contract on its books.\n\n(17) \"Commodity intermediary\" means a person that:\n\n(A) is registered as a futures commission merchant under federal commodities law; or\n\n(B) in the ordinary course of its business provides clearance or settlement services for a board of trade that has been designated as a contract market pursuant to federal commodities law.\n\n(18) \"Communicate\" means:\n\n(A) to send a written or other tangible record;\n\n(B) to transmit a record by any means agreed upon by the persons sending and receiving the record; or\n\n(C) in the case of transmission of a record to or by a filing office, to transmit a record by any means prescribed by filing-office rule.\n\n(19) \"Consignee\" means a merchant to which goods are delivered in a consignment.\n\n(20) \"Consignment\" means a transaction, regardless of its form, in which a person delivers goods to a merchant for the purpose of sale and:\n\n(A) the merchant:\n\n(i) deals in goods of that kind under a name other than the name of the person making delivery;\n\n(ii) is not an auctioneer; and\n\n(iii) is not generally known by its creditors to be substantially engaged in selling the goods of others;\n\n(B) with respect to each delivery, the aggregate value of the goods is $1,000 or more at the time of delivery;\n\n(C) the goods are not consumer goods immediately before delivery; and\n\n(D) the transaction does not create a security interest that secures an obligation.\n\n(21) \"Consignor\" means a person that delivers goods to a consignee in a consignment.\n\n(22) \"Consumer debtor\" means a debtor in a consumer transaction.\n\n(23) \"Consumer goods\" means goods that are used or bought for use primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.\n\n(24) \"Consumer-goods transaction\" means a consumer transaction in which:\n\n(A) an individual incurs an obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes; and\n\n(B) a security interest in consumer goods secures the obligation.\n\n(25) \"Consumer obligor\" means an obligor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation as part of a transaction entered into primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.\n\n(26) \"Consumer transaction\" means a transaction in which (i) an individual incurs an obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, (ii) a security interest secures the obligation, and (iii) the collateral is held or acquired primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. The term includes consumer-goods transactions.\n\n(27) \"Continuation statement\" means an amendment of a financing statement which:\n\n(A) identifies, by its file number, the initial financing statement to which it relates; and\n\n(B) indicates that it is a continuation statement for, or that it is filed to continue the effectiveness of, the identified financing statement.\n\n(28) \"Debtor\" means:\n\n(A) a person having an interest, other than a security interest or other lien, in the collateral, whether or not the person is an obligor;\n\n(B) a seller of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes; or\n\n(C) a consignee.\n\n(29) \"Deposit account\" means a demand, time, savings, passbook, or similar account maintained with a bank. The term does not include investment property or accounts evidenced by an instrument.\n\n(30) \"Document\" means a document of title as defined in the general definitions of Article 1 (Section 1-201), or a receipt of the type described in Section 7-201(2).\n\n(31) \"Electronic chattel paper\" means chattel paper evidenced by a record or records consisting of information stored in an electronic medium.\n\n(32) \"Encumbrance\" means a right, other than an ownership interest, in real property. The term includes mortgages and other liens on real property.\n\n(33) \"Equipment\" means goods other than inventory, farm products, or consumer goods.\n\n(34) \"Farm products\" means goods, other than standing timber, with respect to which the debtor is engaged in a farming operation and which are:\n\n(A) crops grown, growing, or to be grown, including:\n\n(i) crops produced on trees, vines, and bushes; and\n\n(ii) aquatic goods produced in aquacultural operations;\n\n(B) livestock, born or unborn, including aquatic goods produced in aquacultural operations;\n\n(C) supplies used or produced in a farming operation; or\n\n(D) products of crops or livestock in their unmanufactured states.\n\n(35) \"Farming operation\" means raising, cultivating, propagating, fattening, grazing, or any other farming, livestock, or aquacultural operation.\n\n(35A) \"File\", \"filing\", and \"filed\", when used in reference to a filing office described in Section 9-501(a)(1), mean \"record\", \"recording\", and \"recorded\", respectively.\n\n(36) \"File number\" means the number assigned to an initial financing statement pursuant to Section 9-519(a).\n\n(37) \"Filing office\" means an office designated in Section 9-501 as the place to file a financing statement.\n\n(38) \"Filing-office rule\" means a rule adopted pursuant to Section 9-526.\n\n(39) \"Financing statement\" means a record or records composed of an initial financing statement and any filed record relating to the initial financing statement.\n\n(40) \"Fixture filing\" means the filing of a financing statement covering goods that are or are to become fixtures and satisfying Section 9-502(a) and (b). The term includes the filing of a financing statement covering goods of a transmitting utility which are or are to become fixtures.\n\n(41) \"Fixtures\" means goods that have become so related to particular real property that an interest in them arises under real property law. The term includes manufactured homes that have been placed on a site and tied into required utilities.\n\n(42) \"General intangible\" means any personal property, including things in action, other than accounts, chattel paper, commercial tort claims, deposit accounts, documents, goods, instruments, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, letters of credit, money, and oil, gas, or other minerals before extraction. The term includes payment intangibles and software.\n\n(43) \"Good faith\" means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing.\n\n(44) \"Goods\" means all things that are movable when a security interest attaches. The term includes (i) fixtures, (ii) standing timber that is to be cut and removed under a conveyance or contract for sale, (iii) the unborn young of animals, (iv) crops grown, growing, or to be grown, even if the crops are produced on trees, vines, or bushes, and (v) manufactured homes. The term also includes a computer program embedded in goods and any supporting information provided in connection with a transaction relating to the program if (i) the program is associated with the goods in such a manner that it customarily is considered part of the goods, or (ii) by becoming the owner of the goods, a person acquires a right to use the program in connection with the goods. The term does not include a computer program embedded in goods that consist solely of the medium in which the program is embedded. The term also does not include accounts, chattel paper, commercial tort claims, deposit accounts, documents, general intangibles, instruments, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, letters of credit, money, or oil, gas, or other minerals before extraction.\n\n(45) \"Governmental unit\" means a subdivision, agency, department, county, parish, municipality, or other unit of the government of the United States, a State, or a foreign country. The term includes an organization having a separate corporate existence if the organization is eligible to issue debt on which interest is exempt from income taxation under the laws of the United States.\n\n(46) \"Health-care-insurance receivable\" means an interest in or claim under a policy of insurance which is a right to payment of a monetary obligation for health-care goods or services provided.\n\n(47) \"Instrument\" means a negotiable instrument (defined in Section 3-104), or any other writing that evidences a right to the payment of a monetary obligation, is not itself a security agreement or lease, and is of a type that in ordinary course of business is transferred by delivery with any necessary indorsement or assignment. The term does not include (i) investment property, (ii) letters of credit, or (iii) writings that evidence a right to payment arising out of the use of a credit or charge card or information contained on or for use with the card.\n\n(48) \"Inventory\" means goods, other than farm products, which:\n\n(A) are leased by a person as lessor;\n\n(B) are held by a person for sale or lease or to be furnished under a contract of service;\n\n(C) are furnished by a person under a contract of service; or\n\n(D) consist of raw materials, work in process, or materials used or consumed in a business.\n\n(49) \"Investment property\" means a security, whether certificated or uncertificated, security entitlement, securities account, commodity contract, or commodity account.\n\n(50) \"Jurisdiction of organization\", with respect to a registered organization, means the jurisdiction under whose law the organization is organized.\n\n(51) \"Letter-of-credit right\" means a right to payment or performance under a letter of credit, whether or not the beneficiary has demanded or is at the time entitled to demand payment or performance. The term does not include the right of a beneficiary to demand payment or performance under a letter of credit.\n\n(52) \"Lien creditor\" means:\n\n(A) a creditor that has acquired a lien on the property involved by attachment, levy, or the like;\n\n(B) an assignee for benefit of creditors from the time of assignment;\n\n(C) a trustee in bankruptcy from the date of the filing of the petition; or\n\n(D) a receiver in equity from the time of appointment.\n\n(53) \"Manufactured home\" means a structure, transportable in one or more sections, which, in the traveling mode, is eight body feet or more in width or 40 body feet or more in length, or, when erected on site, is 320 or more square feet, and which is built on a permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems contained therein. The term includes any structure that meets all of the requirements of this paragraph except the size requirements and with respect to which the manufacturer voluntarily files a certification required by the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and complies with the standards established under Title 42 of the United States Code.\n\n(54) \"Manufactured-home transaction\" means a secured transaction:\n\n(A) that creates a purchase-money security interest in a manufactured home, other than a manufactured home held as inventory; or\n\n(B) in which a manufactured home, other than a manufactured home held as inventory, is the primary collateral.\n\n(55) \"Mortgage\" means a consensual interest in real property, including fixtures, which secures payment or performance of an obligation.\n\n(56) \"New debtor\" means a person that becomes bound as debtor under Section 9-203(d) by a security agreement previously entered into by another person.\n\n(57) \"New value\" means (i) money, (ii) money's worth in property, services, or new credit, or (iii) release by a transferee of an interest in property previously transferred to the transferee. The term does not include an obligation substituted for another obligation.\n\n(58) \"Noncash proceeds\" means proceeds other than cash proceeds.\n\n(59) \"Obligor\" means a person that, with respect to an obligation secured by a security interest in or an agricultural lien on the collateral, (i) owes payment or other performance of the obligation, (ii) has provided property other than the collateral to secure payment or other performance of the obligation, or (iii) is otherwise accountable in whole or in part for payment or other performance of the obligation. The term does not include issuers or nominated persons under a letter of credit.\n\n(60) \"Original debtor\", except as used in Section 9-310(c), means a person that, as debtor, entered into a security agreement to which a new debtor has become bound under Section 9-203(d).\n\n(61) \"Payment intangible\" means a general intangible under which the account debtor's principal obligation is a monetary obligation.\n\n(62) \"Person related to\", with respect to an individual, means:\n\n(A) the spouse of the individual;\n\n(B) a brother, brother-in-law, sister, or sister-in-law of the individual;\n\n(C) an ancestor or lineal descendant of the individual or the individual's spouse; or\n\n(D) any other relative, by blood or marriage, of the individual or the individual's spouse who shares the same home with the individual.\n\n(63) \"Person related to\", with respect to an organization, means:\n\n(A) a person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the organization;\n\n(B) an officer or director of, or a person performing similar functions with respect to, the organization;\n\n(C) an officer or director of, or a person performing similar functions with respect to, a person described in subparagraph (A);\n\n(D) the spouse of an individual described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C); or\n\n(E) an individual who is related by blood or marriage to an individual described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) and shares the same home with the individual.\n\n(64) \"Proceeds\", except as used in Section 9-609(b), means the following property:\n\n(A) whatever is acquired upon the sale, lease, license, exchange, or other disposition of collateral;\n\n(B) whatever is collected on, or distributed on account of, collateral;\n\n(C) rights arising out of collateral;\n\n(D) to the extent of the value of collateral, claims arising out of the loss, nonconformity, or interference with the use of, defects or infringement of rights in, or damage to, the collateral; or\n\n(E) to the extent of the value of collateral and to the extent payable to the debtor or the secured party, insurance payable by reason of the loss or nonconformity of, defects or infringement of rights in, or damage to, the collateral.\n\n(65) \"Promissory note\" means an instrument that evidences a promise to pay a monetary obligation, does not evidence an order to pay, and does not contain an acknowledgment by a bank that the bank has received for deposit a sum of money or funds.\n\n(66) \"Proposal\" means a record authenticated by a secured party which includes the terms on which the secured party is willing to accept collateral in full or partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures pursuant to Sections 9-620, 9-621, and 9-622.\n\n(67) \"Public-finance transaction\" means a secured transaction in connection with which:\n\n(A) debt securities are issued;\n\n(B) all or a portion of the securities issued have an initial stated maturity of at least 20 years; and\n\n(C) the debtor, obligor, secured party, account debtor or other person obligated on collateral, assignor or assignee of a secured obligation, or assignor or assignee of a security interest is a State or a governmental unit of a State.\n\n(68) \"Pursuant to commitment\", with respect to an advance made or other value given by a secured party, means pursuant to the secured party's obligation, whether or not a subsequent event of default or other event not within the secured party's control has relieved or may relieve the secured party from its obligation.\n\n(69) \"Record\", except as used in \"for record\", \"of record\", \"record or legal title\", and \"record owner\", means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or which is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.\n\n(70) \"Registered organization\" means an organization organized solely under the law of a single State or the United States and as to which the State or the United States must maintain a public record showing the organization to have been organized.\n\n(71) \"Secondary obligor\" means an obligor to the extent that:\n\n(A) the obligor's obligation is secondary; or\n\n(B) the obligor has a right of recourse with respect to an obligation secured by collateral against the debtor, another obligor, or property of either.\n\n(72) \"Secured party\" means:\n\n(A) a person in whose favor a security interest is created or provided for under a security agreement, whether or not any obligation to be secured is outstanding;\n\n(B) a person that holds an agricultural lien;\n\n(C) a consignor;\n\n(D) a person to which accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes have been sold;\n\n(E) a trustee, indenture trustee, agent, collateral agent, or other representative in whose favor a security interest or agricultural lien is created or provided for; or\n\n(F) a person that holds a security interest arising under Section 2-401, 2-505, 2-711(3), 2A-508(5), 4-210, or 5-118.\n\n(73) \"Security agreement\" means an agreement that creates or provides for a security interest.\n\n(74) \"Send\", in connection with a record or notification, means:\n\n(A) to deposit in the mail, deliver for transmission, or transmit by any other usual means of communication, with postage or cost of transmission provided for, addressed to any address reasonable under the circumstances; or\n\n(B) to cause the record or notification to be received within the time that it would have been received if properly sent under subparagraph (A).\n\n(75) \"Software\" means a computer program and any supporting information provided in connection with a transaction relating to the program. The term does not include a computer program that is included in the definition of goods.\n\n(76) \"State\" means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.\n\n(77) \"Supporting obligation\" means a letter-of-credit right or secondary obligation that supports the payment or performance of an account, chattel paper, a document, a general intangible, an instrument, or investment property.\n\n(78) \"Tangible chattel paper\" means chattel paper evidenced by a record or records consisting of information that is inscribed on a tangible medium.\n\n(79) \"Termination statement\" means an amendment of a financing statement which:\n\n(A) identifies, by its file number, the initial financing statement to which it relates; and\n\n(B) indicates either that it is a termination statement or that the identified financing statement is no longer effective.\n\n(80) \"Transmitting utility\" means a person primarily engaged in the business of:\n\n(A) operating a railroad, subway, street railway, or trolley bus;\n\n(B) transmitting communications electrically, electromagnetically, or by light;\n\n(C) transmitting goods by pipeline or sewer; or\n\n(D) transmitting or producing and transmitting electricity, steam, gas, or water.\n\n(b) Definitions in other articles. The following definitions in other articles apply to this article:\n\n\"Applicant\" Section 5-102.\n\n\"Beneficiary\" Section 5-102.\n\n\"Broker\" Section 8-102.\n\n\"Certificated security\" Section 8-102.\n\n\"Check\" Section 3-104.\n\n\"Clearing corporation\" Section 8-102.\n\n\"Contract for sale\" Section 2-106.\n\n\"Customer\" Section 4-104.\n\n\"Entitlement holder\" Section 8-102.\n\n\"Financial asset\" Section 8-102.\n\n\"Holder in due course\" Section 3-302.\n\n\"Issuer\" (with respect to a letter of credit Section 5-102.\n\nor letter-of-credit right)\n\n\"Issuer\" (with respect to a security) Section 8-201.\n\n\"Lease\" Section 2A-103.\n\n\"Lease agreement\" Section 2A-103.\n\n\"Lease contract\" Section 2A-103.\n\n\"Leasehold interest\" Section 2A-103.\n\n\"Lessee\" Section 2A-103.\n\n\"Lessee in ordinary course of business\" Section 2A-103.\n\n\"Lessor\" Section 2A-103.\n\n\"Lessor's residual interest\" Section 2A-103.\n\n\"Letter of credit\" Section 5-102.\n\n\"Merchant\" Section 2-104.\n\n\"Negotiable instrument\" Section 3-104.\n\n\"Nominated person\" Section 5-102.\n\n\"Note\" Section 3-104.\n\n\"Proceeds of a letter of credit\" Section 5-114.\n\n\"Prove\" Section 3-103.\n\n\"Sale\" Section 2-106.\n\n\"Securities account\" Section 8-501.\n\n\"Securities intermediary\" Section 8-102.\n\n\"Security\" Section 8-102.\n\n\"Security certificate\" Section 8-102.\n\n\"Security entitlement\" Section 8-102.\n\n\"Uncertificated security\" Section 8-102.\n\n(c) Article 1 definitions and principles. Article 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this article.\n\n382-A:9-103 Purchase-Money Security Interest; Application of Payments; Burden of Establishing.\n\n(a) Definitions. In this section:\n\n(1) \"purchase-money collateral\" means goods or software that secures a purchase-money obligation incurred with respect to that collateral; and\n\n(2) \"purchase-money obligation\" means an obligation of an obligor incurred as all or part of the price of the collateral or for value given to enable the debtor to acquire rights in or the use of the collateral if the value is in fact so used.\n\n(b) Purchase-money security interest in goods. A security interest in goods is a purchase-money security interest:\n\n(1) to the extent that the goods are purchase-money collateral with respect to that security interest;\n\n(2) if the security interest is in inventory that is or was purchase-money collateral, also to the extent that the security interest secures a purchase-money obligation incurred with respect to other inventory in which the secured party holds or held a purchase-money security interest; and\n\n(3) also to the extent that the security interest secures a purchase-money obligation incurred with respect to software in which the secured party holds or held a purchase-money security interest.\n\n(c) Purchase-money security interest in software. A security interest in software is a purchase-money security interest to the extent that the security interest also secures a purchase-money obligation incurred with respect to goods in which the secured party holds or held a purchase-money security interest if:\n\n(1) the debtor acquired its interest in the software in an integrated transaction in which it acquired an interest in the goods; and\n\n(2) the debtor acquired its interest in the software for the principal purpose of using the software in the goods.\n\n(d) Consignor's inventory purchase-money security interest. The security interest of a consignor in goods that are the subject of a consignment is a purchase-money security interest in inventory.\n\n(e) Application of payment in non-consumer-goods transaction. In a transaction other than a consumer-goods transaction, if the extent to which a security interest is a purchase-money security interest depends on the application of a payment to a particular obligation, the payment must be applied:\n\n(1) in accordance with any reasonable method of application to which the parties agree;\n\n(2) in the absence of the parties' agreement to a reasonable method, in accordance with any intention of the obligor manifested at or before the time of payment; or\n\n(3) in the absence of an agreement to a reasonable method and a timely manifestation of the obligor's intention, in the following order:\n\n(A) to obligations that are not secured; and\n\n(B) if more than one obligation is secured, to obligations secured by purchase-money security interests in the order in which those obligations were incurred.\n\n(f) No loss of status of purchase-money security interest in non-consumer-goods transaction. In a transaction other than a consumer-goods transaction, a purchase-money security interest does not lose its status as such, even if:\n\n(1) the purchase-money collateral also secures an obligation that is not a purchase-money obligation;\n\n(2) collateral that is not purchase-money collateral also secures the purchase-money obligation; or\n\n(3) the purchase-money obligation has been renewed, refinanced, consolidated, or restructured.\n\n(g) Burden of proof in non-consumer-goods transaction. In a transaction other than a consumer-goods transaction, a secured party claiming a purchase-money security interest has the burden of establishing the extent to which the security interest is a purchase-money security interest.\n\n(h) Non-consumer-goods transactions; no inference. The limitation of the rules in subsections (e), (f), and (g) to transactions other than consumer-goods transactions is intended to leave to the court the determination of the proper rules in consumer-goods transactions. The court may not infer from that limitation the nature of the proper rule in consumer-goods transactions and may continue to apply established approaches.\n\n382-A:9-104 Control of Deposit Account.\n\n(a) Requirements for control. A secured party has control of a deposit account if:\n\n(1) the secured party is the bank with which the deposit account is maintained;\n\n(2) the debtor, secured party, and bank have agreed in an authenticated record that the bank will comply with instructions originated by the secured party directing disposition of the funds in the deposit account without further consent by the debtor; or\n\n(3) the secured party becomes the bank's customer with respect to the deposit account.\n\n(b) Debtor's right to direct disposition. A secured party that has satisfied subsection (a) has control, even if the debtor retains the right to direct the disposition of funds from the deposit account.\n\n382-A:9-105 Control of Electronic Chattel Paper. A secured party has control of electronic chattel paper if the record or records comprising the chattel paper are created, stored, and assigned in such a manner that:\n\n(1) a single authoritative copy of the record or records exists which is unique, identifiable and, except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (4), (5), and (6), unalterable;\n\n(2) the authoritative copy identifies the secured party as the assignee of the record or records;\n\n(3) the authoritative copy is communicated to and maintained by the secured party or its designated custodian;\n\n(4) copies or revisions that add or change an identified assignee of the authoritative copy can be made only with the participation of the secured party;\n\n(5) each copy of the authoritative copy and any copy of a copy is readily identifiable as a copy that is not the authoritative copy; and\n\n(6) any revision of the authoritative copy is readily identifiable as an authorized or unauthorized revision.\n\n382-A:9-106 Control of Investment Property.\n\n(a) Control under Section 8-106. A person has control of a certificated security, uncertificated security, or security entitlement as provided in Section 8-106.\n\n(b) Control of commodity contract. A secured party has control of a commodity contract if:\n\n(1) the secured party is the commodity intermediary with which the commodity contract is carried; or\n\n(2) the commodity customer, secured party, and commodity intermediary have agreed that the commodity intermediary will apply any value distributed on account of the commodity contract as directed by the secured party without further consent by the commodity customer.\n\n(c) Effect of control of securities account or commodity account. A secured party having control of all security entitlements or commodity contracts carried in a securities account or commodity account has control over the securities account or commodity account.\n\n382-A:9-107 Control of Letter-of-Credit Right. A secured party has control of a letter-of-credit right to the extent of any right to payment or performance by the issuer or any nominated person if the issuer or nominated person has consented to an assignment of proceeds of the letter of credit under Section 5-114(c) or otherwise applicable law or practice.\n\n382-A:9-108 Sufficiency of Description.\n\n(a) Sufficiency of description. Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c), (d), and (e), a description of personal or real property is sufficient, whether or not it is specific, if it reasonably identifies what is described.\n\n(b) Examples of reasonable identification. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), a description of collateral reasonably identifies the collateral if it identifies the collateral by:\n\n(1) specific listing;\n\n(2) category;\n\n(3) except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a type of collateral defined in this chapter;\n\n(4) quantity;\n\n(5) computational or allocational formula or procedure; or\n\n(6) except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), any other method, if the identity of the collateral is objectively determinable.\n\n(c) Supergeneric description not sufficient. A description of collateral as \"all the debtor's assets\" or \"all the debtor's personal property\" or using words of similar import does not reasonably identify the collateral.\n\n(d) Investment property. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a description of a security entitlement, securities account, or commodity account is sufficient if it describes:\n\n(1) the collateral by those terms or as investment property; or\n\n(2) the underlying financial asset or commodity contract.\n\n(e) When description by type insufficient. A description only by type of collateral defined in this chapter is an insufficient description of:\n\n(1) a commercial tort claim; or\n\n(2) in a consumer transaction, consumer goods, a security entitlement, a securities account, or a commodity account.\n\nSubpart 2. Applicability of Article\n\n382-A:9-109 Scope.\n\n(a) General scope of article. Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c) and (d), this article applies to:\n\n(1) a transaction, regardless of its form, that creates a security interest in personal property or fixtures by contract;\n\n(2) an agricultural lien;\n\n(3) a sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes;\n\n(4) a consignment;\n\n(5) a security interest arising under Section 2-401, 2-505, 2-711(3), or 2A-508(5), as provided in Section 9-110; and\n\n(6) a security interest arising under Section 4-210 or 5-118.\n\n(b) Security interest in secured obligation. The application of this article to a security interest in a secured obligation is not affected by the fact that the obligation is itself secured by a transaction or interest to which this article does not apply.\n\n(c) Extent to which article does not apply. This article does not apply to the extent that:\n\n(1) a statute, regulation, or treaty of the United States preempts this article;\n\n(2) another statute of this State expressly governs the creation, perfection, priority, or enforcement of a security interest created by this State or a governmental unit of this State;\n\n(3) a statute of another State, a foreign country, or a governmental unit of another State or a foreign country, other than a statute generally applicable to security interests, expressly governs creation, perfection, priority, or enforcement of a security interest created by the State, country, or governmental unit; or\n\n(4) the rights of a transferee beneficiary or nominated person under a letter of credit are independent and superior under Section 5-114.\n\n(d) Inapplicability of article. This article does not apply to:\n\n(1) a landlord's lien, other than an agricultural lien;\n\n(2) a lien, other than an agricultural lien, given by statute or other rule of law for services or materials, but Section 9-333 applies with respect to priority of the lien;\n\n(3) an assignment of a claim for wages, salary, or other compensation of an employee;\n\n(4) a sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes as part of a sale of the business out of which they arose;\n\n(5) an assignment of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes which is for the purpose of collection only;\n\n(6) an assignment of a right to payment under a contract to an assignee that is also obligated to perform under the contract;\n\n(7) an assignment of a single account, payment intangible, or promissory note to an assignee in full or partial satisfaction of a preexisting indebtedness;\n\n(8) a transfer of an interest in or an assignment of a claim under a policy of insurance, other than an assignment by or to a health-care provider of a health-care-insurance receivable and any subsequent assignment of the right to payment, but Sections 9-315 and 9-322 apply with respect to proceeds and priorities in proceeds;\n\n(9) an assignment of a right represented by a judgment, other than a judgment taken on a right to payment that was collateral;\n\n(10) a right of recoupment or set-off, but:\n\n(A) Section 9-340 applies with respect to the effectiveness of rights of recoupment or set-off against deposit accounts; and\n\n(B) Section 9-404 applies with respect to defenses or claims of an account debtor;\n\n(11) the creation or transfer of an interest in or lien on real property, including a lease or rents thereunder, except to the extent that provision is made for:\n\n(A) liens on real property in Sections 9-203 and 9-308;\n\n(B) fixtures in Section 9-334;\n\n(C) fixture filings in Sections 9-501, 9-502, 9-512, 9-516, and 9-519; and\n\n(D) security agreements covering personal and real property in Section 9-604;\n\n(12) an assignment of a claim arising in tort, other than a commercial tort claim, but Sections 9-315 and 9-322 apply with respect to proceeds and priorities in proceeds; or\n\n(13) an assignment of a deposit account in a consumer transaction, but Sections 9-315 and 9-322 apply with respect to proceeds and priorities in proceeds.\n\n382-A:9-110 Security Interests Arising Under Article 2 or 2A. A security interest arising under Section 2-401, 2-505, 2-711(3), or 2A-508(5) is subject to this article. However, until the debtor obtains possession of the goods:\n\n(1) the security interest is enforceable, even if Section 9-203(b)(3) has not been satisfied;\n\n(2) filing is not required to perfect the security interest;\n\n(3) the rights of the secured party after default by the debtor are governed by Article 2 or 2A; and\n\n(4) the security interest has priority over a conflicting security interest created by the debtor.\n\nPart 2\n\nEffectiveness of Security Agreement; Attachment of Security Interest;\n\nRights of Parties to Security Agreement\n\nSubpart 1. Effectiveness and Attachment\n\n382-A:9-201 General Effectiveness of Security Agreement.\n\n(a) General effectiveness. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a security agreement is effective according to its terms between the parties, against purchasers of the collateral, and against creditors.\n\n(b) Applicable consumer laws and other law. A transaction subject to this article is subject to any applicable rule of law which establishes a different rule for consumers, to any other statute or regulation of this State that regulates the rates, charges, agreements, and practices for loans, credit sales, or other extensions of credit, and to any consumer-protection statute or regulation of this State.\n\n(c) Other applicable law controls. In case of conflict between this article and a rule of law, statute, or regulation described in subsection (b), the rule of law, statute, or regulation controls. Failure to comply with a statute or regulation described in subsection (b) has only the effect the statute or regulation specifies.\n\n(d) Further deference to other applicable law. This article does not:\n\n(1) validate any rate, charge, agreement, or practice that violates a rule of law, statute, or regulation described in subsection (b); or\n\n(2) extend the application of the rule of law, statute, or regulation to a transaction not otherwise subject to it.\n\n382-A:9-202 Title to Collateral Immaterial. Except as otherwise provided with respect to consignments or sales of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes, the provisions of this article with regard to rights and obligations apply whether title to collateral is in the secured party or the debtor.\n\n382-A:9-203 Attachment and Enforceability of Security Interest; Proceeds; Supporting Obligations; Formal Requisites.\n\n(a) Attachment. A security interest attaches to collateral when it becomes enforceable against the debtor with respect to the collateral, unless an agreement expressly postpones the time of attachment.\n\n(b) Enforceability. Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c) through (i), a security interest is enforceable against the debtor and third parties with respect to the collateral only if :\n\n(1) value has been given;\n\n(2) the debtor has rights in the collateral or the power to transfer rights in the collateral to a secured party; and\n\n(3) one of the following conditions is met:\n\n(A) the debtor has authenticated a security agreement that provides a description of the collateral and, if the security interest covers timber to be cut, a description of the land concerned;\n\n(B) the collateral is not a certificated security and is in the possession of the secured party under Section 9-313 pursuant to the debtor's security agreement;\n\n(C) the collateral is a certificated security in registered form and the security certificate has been delivered to the secured party under Section 8-301 pursuant to the debtor's security agreement; or\n\n(D) the collateral is deposit accounts, electronic chattel paper, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights, and the secured party has control under Section 9-104, 9-105, 9-106, or 9-107 pursuant to the debtor's security agreement.\n\n(c) Other UCC provisions. Subsection (b) is subject to Section 4-210 on the security interest of a collecting bank, Section 5-118 on the security interest of a letter-of-credit issuer or nominated person, Section 9-110 on a security interest arising under Article 2 or 2A, and Section 9-206 on security interests in investment property.\n\n(d) When person becomes bound by another person's security agreement. A person becomes bound as debtor by a security agreement entered into by another person if, by operation of law other than this article or by contract:\n\n(1) the security agreement becomes effective to create a security interest in the person's property; or\n\n(2) the person becomes generally obligated for the obligations of the other person, including the obligation secured under the security agreement, and acquires or succeeds to all or substantially all of the assets of the other person.\n\n(e) Effect of new debtor becoming bound. If a new debtor becomes bound as debtor by a security agreement entered into by another person:\n\n(1) the agreement satisfies subsection (b)(3) with respect to existing or after-acquired property of the new debtor to the extent the property is described in the agreement; and\n\n(2) another agreement is not necessary to make a security interest in the property enforceable.\n\n(f) Proceeds and supporting obligations. The attachment of a security interest in collateral gives the secured party the rights to proceeds provided by Section 9-315 and is also attachment of a security interest in a supporting obligation for the collateral.\n\n(g) Lien securing right to payment. The attachment of a security interest in a right to payment or performance secured by a security interest or other lien on personal or real property is also attachment of a security interest in the security interest, mortgage, or other lien.\n\n(h) Security entitlement carried in securities account. The attachment of a security interest in a securities account is also attachment of a security interest in the security entitlements carried in the securities account.\n\n(i) Commodity contracts carried in commodity account. The attachment of a security interest in a commodity account is also attachment of a security interest in the commodity contracts carried in the commodity account.\n\n382-A:9-204 After-Acquired Property; Future Advances.\n\n(a) After-acquired collateral. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a security agreement may create or provide for a security interest in after-acquired collateral.\n\n(b) When after-acquired property clause not effective. A security interest does not attach under a term constituting an after-acquired property clause to:\n\n(1) consumer goods, other than an accession when given as additional security, unless the debtor acquires rights in them within 10 days after the secured party gives value; or\n\n(2) a commercial tort claim.\n\n(c) Future advances and other value. A security agreement may provide that collateral secures, or that accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes are sold in connection with, future advances or other value, whether or not the advances or value are given pursuant to commitment.\n\n382-A:9-205 Use or Disposition of Collateral Permissible.\n\n(a) When security interest not invalid or fraudulent. A security interest is not invalid or fraudulent against creditors solely because:\n\n(1) the debtor has the right or ability to:\n\n(A) use, commingle, or dispose of all or part of the collateral, including returned or repossessed goods;\n\n(B) collect, compromise, enforce, or otherwise deal with collateral;\n\n(C) accept the return of collateral or make repossessions; or\n\n(D) use, commingle, or dispose of proceeds; or\n\n(2) the secured party fails to require the debtor to account for proceeds or replace collateral.\n\n(b) Requirements of possession not relaxed. This section does not relax the requirements of possession if attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest depends upon possession of the collateral by the secured party.\n\n382-A:9-206 Security Interest Arising in Purchase or Delivery of Financial Asset.\n\n(a) Security interest when person buys through securities intermediary. A security interest in favor of a securities intermediary attaches to a person's security entitlement if:\n\n(1) the person buys a financial asset through the securities intermediary in a transaction in which the person is obligated to pay the purchase price to the securities intermediary at the time of the purchase; and\n\n(2) the securities intermediary credits the financial asset to the buyer's securities account before the buyer pays the securities intermediary.\n\n(b) Security interest secures obligation to pay for financial asset. The security interest described in subsection (a) secures the person's obligation to pay for the financial asset.\n\n(c) Security interest in payment against delivery transaction. A security interest in favor of a person that delivers a certificated security or other financial asset represented by a writing attaches to the security or other financial asset if:\n\n(1) the security or other financial asset:\n\n(A) in the ordinary course of business is transferred by delivery with any necessary indorsement or assignment; and\n\n(B) is delivered under an agreement between persons in the business of dealing with such securities or financial assets; and\n\n(2) the agreement calls for delivery against payment.\n\n(d) Security interest secures obligation to pay for delivery. The security interest described in subsection (c) secures the obligation to make payment for the delivery.\n\nSubpart 2. Rights and Duties\n\n382-A:9-207 Rights and Duties of Secured Party Having Possession or Control of Collateral.\n\n(a) Duty of care when secured party in possession. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), a secured party shall use reasonable care in the custody and preservation of collateral in the secured party's possession. In the case of chattel paper or an instrument, reasonable care includes taking necessary steps to preserve rights against prior parties unless otherwise agreed.\n\n(b) Expenses, risks, duties, and rights when secured party in possession. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), if a secured party has possession of collateral:\n\n(1) reasonable expenses, including the cost of insurance and payment of taxes or other charges, incurred in the custody, preservation, use, or operation of the collateral are chargeable to the debtor and are secured by the collateral;\n\n(2) the risk of accidental loss or damage is on the debtor to the extent of a deficiency in any effective insurance coverage;\n\n(3) the secured party shall keep the collateral identifiable, but fungible collateral may be commingled; and\n\n(4) the secured party may use or operate the collateral:\n\n(A) for the purpose of preserving the collateral or its value;\n\n(B) as permitted by an order of a court having competent jurisdiction; or\n\n(C) except in the case of consumer goods, in the manner and to the extent agreed by the debtor.\n\n(c) Duties and rights when secured party in possession or control. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), a secured party having possession of collateral or control of collateral under Section 9-104, 9-105, 9-106, or 9-107:\n\n(1) may hold as additional security any proceeds, except money or funds, received from the collateral;\n\n(2) shall apply money or funds received from the collateral to reduce the secured obligation, unless remitted to the debtor; and\n\n(3) may create a security interest in the collateral.\n\n(d) Buyer of certain rights to payment. If the secured party is a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes or a consignor:\n\n(1) subsection (a) does not apply unless the secured party is entitled under an agreement:\n\n(A) to charge back uncollected collateral; or\n\n(B) otherwise to full or limited recourse against the debtor or a secondary obligor based on the nonpayment or other default of an account debtor or other obligor on the collateral; and\n\n(2) subsections (b) and (c) do not apply.\n\n382-A:9-208 Additional Duties of Secured Party Having Control of Collateral.\n\n(a) Applicability of section. This section applies to cases in which there is no outstanding secured obligation and the secured party is not committed to make advances, incur obligations, or otherwise give value.\n\n(b) Duties of secured party after receiving demand from debtor. Within 10 days after receiving an authenticated demand by the debtor:\n\n(1) a secured party having control of a deposit account under Section 9-104(a)(2) shall send to the bank with which the deposit account is maintained an authenticated statement that releases the bank from any further obligation to comply with instructions originated by the secured party;\n\n(2) a secured party having control of a deposit account under Section 9-104(a)(3) shall:\n\n(A) pay the debtor the balance on deposit in the deposit account; or\n\n(B) transfer the balance on deposit into a deposit account in the debtor's name;\n\n(3) a secured party, other than a buyer, having control of electronic chattel paper under Section 9-105 shall:\n\n(A) communicate the authoritative copy of the electronic chattel paper to the debtor or its designated custodian;\n\n(B) if the debtor designates a custodian that is the designated custodian with which the authoritative copy of the electronic chattel paper is maintained for the secured party, communicate to the custodian an authenticated record releasing the designated custodian from any further obligation to comply with instructions originated by the secured party and instructing the custodian to comply with instructions originated by the debtor; and\n\n(C) take appropriate action to enable the debtor or its designated custodian to make copies of or revisions to the authoritative copy which add or change an identified assignee of the authoritative copy without the consent of the secured party;\n\n(4) a secured party having control of investment property under Section 8-106(d)(2) or 9-106(b) shall send to the securities intermediary or commodity intermediary with which the security entitlement or commodity contract is maintained an authenticated record that releases the securities intermediary or commodity intermediary from any further obligation to comply with entitlement orders or directions originated by the secured party; and\n\n(5) a secured party having control of a letter-of-credit right under Section 9-107 shall send to each person having an unfulfilled obligation to pay or deliver proceeds of the letter of credit to the secured party an authenticated release from any further obligation to pay or deliver proceeds of the letter of credit to the secured party.\n\n382-A:9-209 Duties of Secured Party If Account Debtor Has Been Notified of Assignment.\n\n(a) Applicability of section. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), this section applies if:\n\n(1) there is no outstanding secured obligation; and\n\n(2) the secured party is not committed to make advances, incur obligations, or otherwise give value.\n\n(b) Duties of secured party after receiving demand from debtor. Within 10 days after receiving an authenticated demand by the debtor, a secured party shall send to an account debtor that has received notification of an assignment to the secured party as assignee under Section 9-406(a) an authenticated record that releases the account debtor from any further obligation to the secured party.\n\n(c) Inapplicability to sales. This section does not apply to an assignment constituting the sale of an account, chattel paper, or payment intangible.\n\n382-A:9-210 Request for Accounting; Request Regarding List of Collateral or Statement of Account.\n\n(a) Definitions. In this section:\n\n(1) \"Request\" means a record of a type described in paragraph (2), (3), or (4).\n\n(2) \"Request for an accounting\" means a record authenticated by a debtor requesting that the recipient provide an accounting of the unpaid obligations secured by collateral and reasonably identifying the transaction or relationship that is the subject of the request.\n\n(3) \"Request regarding a list of collateral\" means a record authenticated by a debtor requesting that the recipient approve or correct a list of what the debtor believes to be the collateral securing an obligation and reasonably identifying the transaction or relationship that is the subject of the request.\n\n(4) \"Request regarding a statement of account\" means a record authenticated by a debtor requesting that the recipient approve or correct a statement indicating what the debtor believes to be the aggregate amount of unpaid obligations secured by collateral as of a specified date and reasonably identifying the transaction or relationship that is the subject of the request.\n\n(b) Duty to respond to requests. Subject to subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f), a secured party, other than a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes or a consignor, shall comply with a request within 14 days after receipt:\n\n(1) in the case of a request for an accounting, by authenticating and sending to the debtor an accounting; and\n\n(2) in the case of a request regarding a list of collateral or a request regarding a statement of account, by authenticating and sending to the debtor an approval or correction.\n\n(c) Request regarding list of collateral; statement concerning type of collateral. A secured party that claims a security interest in all of a particular type of collateral owned by the debtor may comply with a request regarding a list of collateral by sending to the debtor an authenticated record including a statement to that effect within 14 days after receipt.\n\n(d) Request regarding list of collateral; no interest claimed. A person that receives a request regarding a list of collateral, claims no interest in the collateral when it receives the request, and claimed an interest in the collateral at an earlier time shall comply with the request within 14 days after receipt by sending to the debtor an authenticated record:\n\n(1) disclaiming any interest in the collateral; and\n\n(2) if known to the recipient, providing the name and mailing address of any assignee of or successor to the recipient's interest in the collateral.\n\n(e) Request for accounting or regarding statement of account; no interest in obligation claimed. A person that receives a request for an accounting or a request regarding a statement of account, claims no interest in the obligations when it receives the request, and claimed an interest in the obligations at an earlier time shall comply with the request within 14 days after receipt by sending to the debtor an authenticated record:\n\n(1) disclaiming any interest in the obligations; and\n\n(2) if known to the recipient, providing the name and mailing address of any assignee of or successor to the recipient's interest in the obligations.\n\n(f) Charges for responses. A debtor is entitled without charge to one response to a request under this section during any six-month period. The secured party may require payment of a charge not exceeding $25 for each additional response.\n\nPart 3\n\nPerfection and Priority\n\nSubpart 1. Law Governing Perfection and Priority\n\n382-A:9-301 Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests. Except as otherwise provided in Sections 9-303 through 9-306, the following rules determine the law governing perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in collateral:\n\n(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, while a debtor is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in collateral.\n\n(2) While collateral is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a possessory security interest in that collateral.\n\n(3) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (4), while negotiable documents, goods, instruments, money, or tangible chattel paper is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs:\n\n(A) perfection of a security interest in the goods by filing a fixture filing;\n\n(B) perfection of a security interest in timber to be cut; and\n\n(C) the effect of perfection or nonperfection and the priority of a nonpossessory security interest in the collateral.\n\n(4) The local law of the jurisdiction in which the wellhead or minehead is located governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in as-extracted collateral.\n\n382-A:9-302 Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Agricultural Liens. While farm products are located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of an agricultural lien on the farm products.\n\n382-A:9-303 Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests in Goods Covered by a Certificate of Title.\n\n(a) Applicability of section. This section applies to goods covered by a certificate of title, even if there is no other relationship between the jurisdiction under whose certificate of title the goods are covered and the goods or the debtor.\n\n(b) When goods covered by certificate of title. Goods become covered by a certificate of title when a valid application for the certificate of title and the applicable fee are delivered to the appropriate authority. Goods cease to be covered by a certificate of title at the earlier of the time the certificate of title ceases to be effective under the law of the issuing jurisdiction or the time the goods become covered subsequently by a certificate of title issued by another jurisdiction.\n\n(c) Applicable law. The local law of the jurisdiction under whose certificate of title the goods are covered governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in goods covered by a certificate of title from the time the goods become covered by the certificate of title until the goods cease to be covered by the certificate of title.\n\n382-A:9-304 Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests in Deposit Accounts.\n\n(a) Law of bank's jurisdiction governs. The local law of a bank's jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a deposit account maintained with that bank.\n\n(b) Bank's jurisdiction. The following rules determine a bank's jurisdiction for purposes of this part:\n\n(1) If an agreement between the bank and the debtor governing the deposit account expressly provides that a particular jurisdiction is the bank's jurisdiction for purposes of this part, this article, or this chapter, that jurisdiction is the bank's jurisdiction.\n\n(2) If paragraph (1) does not apply and an agreement between the bank and its customer governing the deposit account expressly provides that the agreement is governed by the law of a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the bank's jurisdiction.\n\n(3) If neither paragraph (1) nor paragraph (2) applies and an agreement between the bank and its customer governing the deposit account expressly provides that the deposit account is maintained at an office in a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the bank's jurisdiction.\n\n(4) If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the bank's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the office identified in an account statement as the office serving the customer's account is located.\n\n(5) If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the bank's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the chief executive office of the bank is located.\n\n382-A:9-305 Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests in Investment Property.\n\n(a) Governing law: general rules. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), the following rules apply:\n\n(1) While a security certificate is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in the certificated security represented thereby.\n\n(2) The local law of the issuer's jurisdiction as specified in Section 8-110(d) governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in an uncertificated security.\n\n(3) The local law of the securities intermediary's jurisdiction as specified in Section 8-110(e) governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a security entitlement or securities account.\n\n(4) The local law of the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a commodity contract or commodity account.\n\n(b) Commodity intermediary's jurisdiction. The following rules determine a commodity intermediary's jurisdiction for purposes of this part:\n\n(1) If an agreement between the commodity intermediary and commodity customer governing the commodity account expressly provides that a particular jurisdiction is the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction for purposes of this part, this article, or this chapter, that jurisdiction is the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction.\n\n(2) If paragraph (1) does not apply and an agreement between the commodity intermediary and commodity customer governing the commodity account expressly provides that the agreement is governed by the law of a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction.\n\n(3) If neither paragraph (1) nor paragraph (2) applies and an agreement between the commodity intermediary and commodity customer governing the commodity account expressly provides that the commodity account is maintained at an office in a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction.\n\n(4) If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the office identified in an account statement as the office serving the commodity customer's account is located.\n\n(5) If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the chief executive office of the commodity intermediary is located.\n\n(c) When perfection governed by law of jurisdiction where debtor located. The local law of the jurisdiction in which the debtor is located governs:\n\n(1) perfection of a security interest in investment property by filing;\n\n(2) automatic perfection of a security interest in investment property created by a broker or securities intermediary; and\n\n(3) automatic perfection of a security interest in a commodity contract or commodity account created by a commodity intermediary.\n\n382-A:9-306 Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests in Letter-of-Credit Rights.\n\n(a) Governing law: issuer's or nominated person's jurisdiction. Subject to subsection (c), the local law of the issuer's jurisdiction or a nominated person's jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a letter-of-credit right if the issuer's jurisdiction or nominated person's jurisdiction is a State.\n\n(b) Issuer's or nominated person's jurisdiction. For purposes of this part, an issuer's jurisdiction or nominated person's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction whose law governs the liability of the issuer or nominated person with respect to the letter-of-credit right as provided in Section 5-116.\n\n(c) When section not applicable. This section does not apply to a security interest that is perfected only under Section 9-308(d).\n\n382-A:9-307 Location of Debtor.\n\n(a) \"Place of business.\" In this section, \"place of business\" means a place where a debtor conducts its affairs.\n\n(b) Debtor's location: general rules. Except as otherwise provided in this section, the following rules determine a debtor's location:\n\n(1) A debtor who is an individual is located at the individual's principal residence.\n\n(2) A debtor that is an organization and has only one place of business is located at its place of business.\n\n(3) A debtor that is an organization and has more than one place of business is located at its chief executive office.\n\n(c) Limitation of applicability of subsection (b). Subsection (b) applies only if a debtor's residence, place of business, or chief executive office, as applicable, is located in a jurisdiction whose law generally requires information concerning the existence of a nonpossessory security interest to be made generally available in a filing, recording, or registration system as a condition or result of the security interest's obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the collateral. If subsection (b) does not apply, the debtor is located in the District of Columbia.\n\n(d) Continuation of location: cessation of existence, etc. A person that ceases to exist, have a residence, or have a place of business continues to be located in the jurisdiction specified by subsections (b) and (c).\n\n(e) Location of registered organization organized under State law. A registered organization that is organized under the law of a State is located in that State.\n\n(f) Location of registered organization organized under federal law; bank branches and agencies. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (i), a registered organization that is organized under the law of the United States and a branch or agency of a bank that is not organized under the law of the United States or a State are located:\n\n(1) in the State that the law of the United States designates, if the law designates a State of location;\n\n(2) in the State that the registered organization, branch, or agency designates, if the law of the United States authorizes the registered organization, branch, or agency to designate its State of location; or\n\n(3) in the District of Columbia, if neither paragraph (1) nor paragraph (2) applies.\n\n(g) Continuation of location: change in status of registered organization. A registered organization continues to be located in the jurisdiction specified by subsection (e) or (f) notwithstanding:\n\n(1) the suspension, revocation, forfeiture, or lapse of the registered organization's status as such in its jurisdiction of organization; or\n\n(2) the dissolution, winding up, or cancellation of the existence of the registered organization.\n\n(h) Location of United States. The United States is located in the District of Columbia.\n\n(i) Location of foreign bank branch or agency if licensed in only one state. A branch or agency of a bank that is not organized under the law of the United States or a State is located in the State in which the branch or agency is licensed, if all branches and agencies of the bank are licensed in only one State.\n\n(j) Location of foreign air carrier. A foreign air carrier under the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended, is located at the designated office of the agent upon which service of process may be made on behalf of the carrier.\n\n(k) Section applies only to this part. This section applies only for purposes of this part.\n\nSubpart 2. Perfection\n\n382-A:9-308 When Security Interest or Agricultural Lien is Perfected; Continuity of Perfection.\n\n(a) Perfection of security interest. Except as otherwise provided in this section and Section 9-309, a security interest is perfected if it has attached and all of the applicable requirements for perfection in Sections 9-310 through 9-316 have been satisfied. A security interest is perfected when it attaches if the applicable requirements are satisfied before the security interest attaches.\n\n(b) Perfection of agricultural lien. An agricultural lien is perfected if it has become effective and all of the applicable requirements for perfection in Section 9-310 have been satisfied. An agricultural lien is perfected when it becomes effective if the applicable requirements are satisfied before the agricultural lien becomes effective.\n\n(c) Continuous perfection; perfection by different methods. A security interest or agricultural lien is perfected continuously if it is originally perfected by one method under this article and is later perfected by another method under this article, without an intermediate period when it was unperfected.\n\n(d) Supporting obligation. Perfection of a security interest in collateral also perfects a security interest in a supporting obligation for the collateral.\n\n(e) Lien securing right to payment. Perfection of a security interest in a right to payment or performance also perfects a security interest in a security interest, mortgage, or other lien on personal or real property securing the right.\n\n(f) Security entitlement carried in securities account. Perfection of a security interest in a securities account also perfects a security interest in the security entitlements carried in the securities account.\n\n(g) Commodity contract carried in commodity account. Perfection of a security interest in a commodity account also perfects a security interest in the commodity contracts carried in the commodity account.\n\n382-A:9-309 Security Interest Perfected Upon Attachment. The following security interests are perfected when they attach:\n\n(1) a purchase-money security interest in consumer goods, except as otherwise provided in Section 9-311(b) with respect to consumer goods that are subject to a statute or treaty described in Section 9-311(a);\n\n(2) an assignment of accounts or payment intangibles which does not by itself or in conjunction with other assignments to the same assignee transfer a significant part of the assignor's outstanding accounts or payment intangibles;\n\n(3) a sale of a payment intangible;\n\n(4) a sale of a promissory note;\n\n(5) a security interest created by the assignment of a health-care-insurance receivable to the provider of the health-care goods or services;\n\n(6) a security interest arising under Section 2-401, 2-505, 2-711(3), or 2A-508(5), until the debtor obtains possession of the collateral;\n\n(7) a security interest of a collecting bank arising under Section 4-210;\n\n(8) a security interest of an issuer or nominated person arising under Section 5-118;\n\n(9) a security interest arising in the delivery of a financial asset under Section 9-206(c);\n\n(10) a security interest in investment property created by a broker or securities intermediary;\n\n(11) a security interest in a commodity contract or a commodity account created by a commodity intermediary;\n\n(12) an assignment for the benefit of all creditors of the transferor and subsequent transfers by the assignee thereunder; and\n\n(13) a security interest created by an assignment of a beneficial interest in a decedent's estate.\n\n382-A:9-310 When Filing Required to Perfect Security Interest or Agricultural Lien; Security Interests and Agricultural Liens to Which Filing Provisions Do Not Apply.\n\n(a) General rule: perfection by filing. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) and Section 9-312(b), a financing statement must be filed to perfect all security interests and agricultural liens.\n\n(b) Exceptions: filing not necessary. The filing of a financing statement is not necessary to perfect a security interest:\n\n(1) that is perfected under Section 9-308(d), (e), (f), or (g);\n\n(2) that is perfected under Section 9-309 when it attaches;\n\n(3) in property subject to a statute, regulation, or treaty described in Section 9-311(a);\n\n(4) in goods in possession of a bailee which is perfected under Section 9-312(d)(1) or (2);\n\n(5) in certificated securities, documents, goods, or instruments which is perfected without filing or possession under Section 9-312(e), (f), or (g);\n\n(6) in collateral in the secured party's possession under Section 9-313;\n\n(7) in a certificated security which is perfected by delivery of the security certificate to the secured party under Section 9-313;\n\n(8) in deposit accounts, electronic chattel paper, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights which is perfected by control under Section 9-314;\n\n(9) in proceeds which is perfected under Section 9-315; or\n\n(10) that is perfected under Section 9-316.\n\n(c) Assignment of perfected security interest. If a secured party assigns a perfected security interest or agricultural lien, a filing under this article is not required to continue the perfected status of the security interest against creditors of and transferees from the original debtor.\n\n382-A:9-311 Perfection of Security Interests in Property Subject to Certain Statutes, Regulations, and Treaties.\n\n(a) Security interest subject to other law. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), the filing of a financing statement is not necessary or effective to perfect a security interest in property subject to:\n\n(1) a statute, regulation, or treaty of the United States whose requirements for a security interest's obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the property preempt Section 9-310(a);\n\n(2) RSA 261; or\n\n(3) a certificate-of-title statute of another jurisdiction which provides for a security interest to be indicated on the certificate as a condition or result of the security interest's obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the property.\n\n(b) Compliance with other law. Compliance with the requirements of a statute, regulation, or treaty described in subsection (a) for obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor is equivalent to the filing of a financing statement under this article. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) and Sections 9-313 and 9-316(d) and (e) for goods covered by a certificate of title, a security interest in property subject to a statute, regulation, or treaty described in subsection (a) may be perfected only by compliance with those requirements, and a security interest so perfected remains perfected notwithstanding a change in the use or transfer of possession of the collateral.\n\n(c) Duration and renewal of perfection. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) and Section 9-316(d) and (e), duration and renewal of perfection of a security interest perfected by compliance with the requirements prescribed by a statute, regulation, or treaty described in subsection (a) are governed by the statute, regulation, or treaty. In other respects, the security interest is subject to this article.\n\n(d) Inapplicability to certain inventory. During any period in which collateral subject to a statute specified in subsection (a)(2) is inventory held for sale or lease by a person or leased by that person as lessor and that person is in the business of selling goods of that kind, this section does not apply to a security interest in that collateral created by that person.\n\n382-A:9-312 Perfection of Security Interests in Chattel Paper, Deposit Accounts, Documents, Goods Covered by Documents, Instruments, Investment Property, Letter-of-Credit Rights, and Money; Perfection by Permissive Filing; Temporary Perfection Without Filing or Transfer of Possession.\n\n(a) Perfection by filing permitted. A security interest in chattel paper, negotiable documents, instruments, or investment property may be perfected by filing.\n\n(b) Control or possession of certain collateral. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-315(c) and (d) for proceeds:\n\n(1) a security interest in a deposit account may be perfected only by control under Section 9-314;\n\n(2) and except as otherwise provided in Section 9-308(d), a security interest in a letter-of-credit right may be perfected only by control under Section 9-314; and\n\n(3) a security interest in money may be perfected only by the secured party's taking possession under Section 9-313.\n\n(c) Goods covered by negotiable document. While goods are in the possession of a bailee that has issued a negotiable document covering the goods:\n\n(1) a security interest in the goods may be perfected by perfecting a security interest in the document; and\n\n(2) a security interest perfected in the document has priority over any security interest that becomes perfected in the goods by another method during that time.\n\n(d) Goods covered by nonnegotiable document. While goods are in the possession of a bailee that has issued a nonnegotiable document covering the goods, a security interest in the goods may be perfected by:\n\n(1) issuance of a document in the name of the secured party;\n\n(2) the bailee's receipt of notification of the secured party's interest; or\n\n(3) filing as to the goods.\n\n(e) Temporary perfection: new value. A security interest in certificated securities, negotiable documents, or instruments is perfected without filing or the taking of possession for a period of 20 days from the time it attaches to the extent that it arises for new value given under an authenticated security agreement.\n\n(f) Temporary perfection: goods or documents made available to debtor. A perfected security interest in a negotiable document or goods in possession of a bailee, other than one that has issued a negotiable document for the goods, remains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party makes available to the debtor the goods or documents representing the goods for the purpose of:\n\n(1) ultimate sale or exchange; or\n\n(2) loading, unloading, storing, shipping, transshipping, manufacturing, processing, or otherwise dealing with them in a manner preliminary to their sale or exchange.\n\n(g) Temporary perfection: delivery of security certificate or instrument to debtor. A perfected security interest in a certificated security or instrument remains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party delivers the security certificate or instrument to the debtor for the purpose of:\n\n(1) ultimate sale or exchange; or\n\n(2) presentation, collection, enforcement, renewal, or registration of transfer.\n\n(h) Expiration of temporary perfection. After the 20-day period specified in subsection (e), (f), or (g) expires, perfection depends upon compliance with this article.\n\n382-A:9-313 When Possession by or Delivery to Secured Party Perfects Security Interest Without Filing.\n\n(a) Perfection by possession or delivery. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a secured party may perfect a security interest in negotiable documents, goods, instruments, money, or tangible chattel paper by taking possession of the collateral. A secured party may perfect a security interest in certificated securities by taking delivery of the certificated securities under Section 8-301.\n\n(b) Goods covered by certificate of title. With respect to goods covered by a certificate of title issued by this State, a secured party may perfect a security interest in the goods by taking possession of the goods only in the circumstances described in Section 9-316(d).\n\n(c) Collateral in possession of person other than debtor. With respect to collateral other than certificated securities and goods covered by a document, a secured party takes possession of collateral in the possession of a person other than the debtor, the secured party, or a lessee of the collateral from the debtor in the ordinary course of the debtor's business, when:\n\n(1) the person in possession authenticates a record acknowledging that it holds possession of the collateral for the secured party's benefit; or\n\n(2) the person takes possession of the collateral after having authenticated a record acknowledging that it will hold possession of collateral for the secured party's benefit.\n\n(d) Time of perfection by possession; continuation of perfection. If perfection of a security interest depends upon possession of the collateral by a secured party, perfection occurs no earlier than the time the secured party takes possession and continues only while the secured party retains possession.\n\n(e) Time of perfection by delivery; continuation of perfection. A security interest in a certificated security in registered form is perfected by delivery when delivery of the certificated security occurs under Section 8-301 and remains perfected by delivery until the debtor obtains possession of the security certificate.\n\n(f) Acknowledgment not required. A person in possession of collateral is not required to acknowledge that it holds possession for a secured party's benefit.\n\n(g) Effectiveness of acknowledgment; no duties or confirmation. If a person acknowledges that it holds possession for the secured party's benefit:\n\n(1) the acknowledgment is effective under subsection (c) or Section 8-301(a), even if the acknowledgment violates the rights of a debtor; and\n\n(2) unless the person otherwise agrees or law other than this article otherwise provides, the person does not owe any duty to the secured party and is not required to confirm the acknowledgment to another person.\n\n(h) Secured party's delivery to person other than debtor. A secured party having possession of collateral does not relinquish possession by delivering the collateral to a person other than the debtor or a lessee of the collateral from the debtor in the ordinary course of the debtor's business if the person was instructed before the delivery or is instructed contemporaneously with the delivery:\n\n(1) to hold possession of the collateral for the secured party's benefit; or\n\n(2) to redeliver the collateral to the secured party.\n\n(i) Effect of delivery under subsection (h); no duties or confirmation. A secured party does not relinquish possession, even if a delivery under subsection (h) violates the rights of a debtor. A person to which collateral is delivered under subsection (h) does not owe any duty to the secured party and is not required to confirm the delivery to another person unless the person otherwise agrees or law other than this article otherwise provides.\n\n382-A:9-314 Perfection by Control.\n\n(a) Perfection by control. A security interest in investment property, deposit accounts, letter-of-credit rights, or electronic chattel paper may be perfected by control of the collateral under Section 9-104, 9-105, 9-106, or 9-107.\n\n(b) Specified collateral: time of perfection by control; continuation of perfection. A security interest in deposit accounts, electronic chattel paper, or letter-of-credit rights is perfected by control under Section 9-104, 9-105, or 9-107 when the secured party obtains control and remains perfected by control only while the secured party retains control.\n\n(c) Investment property: time of perfection by control; continuation of perfection. A security interest in investment property is perfected by control under Section 9-106 from the time the secured party obtains control and remains perfected by control until:\n\n(1) the secured party does not have control; and\n\n(2) one of the following occurs:\n\n(A) if the collateral is a certificated security, the debtor has or acquires possession of the security certificate;\n\n(B) if the collateral is an uncertificated security, the issuer has registered or registers the debtor as the registered owner; or\n\n(C) if the collateral is a security entitlement, the debtor is or becomes the entitlement holder.\n\n382-A:9-315 Secured Party's Rights on Disposition of Collateral and in Proceeds.\n\n(a) Disposition of collateral: continuation of security interest or agricultural lien; proceeds. Except as otherwise provided in this article and in Section 2-403(2):\n\n(1) a security interest or agricultural lien continues in collateral notwithstanding sale, lease, license, exchange, or other disposition thereof unless the secured party authorized the disposition free of the security interest or agricultural lien; and\n\n(2) a security interest attaches to any identifiable proceeds of collateral.\n\n(b) When commingled proceeds identifiable. Proceeds that are commingled with other property are identifiable proceeds:\n\n(1) if the proceeds are goods, to the extent provided by Section 9-336; and\n\n(2) if the proceeds are not goods, to the extent that the secured party identifies the proceeds by a method of tracing, including application of equitable principles, that is permitted under law other than this article with respect to commingled property of the type involved.\n\n(c) Perfection of security interest in proceeds. A security interest in proceeds is a perfected security interest if the security interest in the original collateral was perfected.\n\n(d) Continuation of perfection. A perfected security interest in proceeds becomes unperfected on the 21st day after the security interest attaches to the proceeds unless:\n\n(1) the following conditions are satisfied:\n\n(A) a filed financing statement covers the original collateral;\n\n(B) the proceeds are collateral in which a security interest may be perfected by filing in the office in which the financing statement has been filed; and\n\n(C) the proceeds are not acquired with cash proceeds;\n\n(2) the proceeds are identifiable cash proceeds; or\n\n(3) the security interest in the proceeds is perfected other than under subsection (c) when the security interest attaches to the proceeds or within 20 days thereafter.\n\n(e) When perfected security interest in proceeds becomes unperfected. If a filed financing statement covers the original collateral, a security interest in proceeds which remains perfected under subsection (d)(1) becomes unperfected at the later of:\n\n(1) when the effectiveness of the filed financing statement lapses under Section 9-515 or is terminated under Section 9-513; or\n\n(2) the 21st day after the security interest attaches to the proceeds.\n\n382-A:9-316 Continued Perfection of Security Interest Following Change in Governing Law.\n\n(a) General rule: effect on perfection of change in governing law. A security interest perfected pursuant to the law of the jurisdiction designated in Section 9-301(1) or 9-305(c) remains perfected until the earliest of:\n\n(1) the time perfection would have ceased under the law of that jurisdiction;\n\n(2) the expiration of four months after a change of the debtor's location to another jurisdiction; or\n\n(3) the expiration of one year after a transfer of collateral to a person that thereby becomes a debtor and is located in another jurisdiction.\n\n(b) Security interest perfected or unperfected under law of new jurisdiction. If a security interest described in subsection (a) becomes perfected under the law of the other jurisdiction before the earliest time or event described in that subsection, it remains perfected thereafter. If the security interest does not become perfected under the law of the other jurisdiction before the earliest time or event, it becomes unperfected and is deemed never to have been perfected as against a purchaser of the collateral for value.\n\n(c) Possessory security interest in collateral moved to new jurisdiction. A possessory security interest in collateral, other than goods covered by a certificate of title and as-extracted collateral consisting of goods, remains continuously perfected if:\n\n(1) the collateral is located in one jurisdiction and subject to a security interest perfected under the law of that jurisdiction;\n\n(2) thereafter the collateral is brought into another jurisdiction; and\n\n(3) upon entry into the other jurisdiction, the security interest is perfected under the law of the other jurisdiction.\n\n(d) Goods covered by certificate of title from this state. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a security interest in goods covered by a certificate of title which is perfected by any method under the law of another jurisdiction when the goods become covered by a certificate of title from this State remains perfected until the security interest would have become unperfected under the law of the other jurisdiction had the goods not become so covered.\n\n(e) When subsection (d) security interests becomes unperfected against purchasers. A security interest described in subsection (d) becomes unperfected as against a purchaser of the goods for value and is deemed never to have been perfected as against a purchaser of the goods for value if the applicable requirements for perfection under Section 9-311(b) or 9-313 are not satisfied before the earlier of:\n\n(1) the time the security interest would have become unperfected under the law of the other jurisdiction had the goods not become covered by a certificate of title from this State; or\n\n(2) the expiration of four months after the goods had become so covered.\n\n(f) Change in jurisdiction of bank, issuer, nominated person, securities intermediary, or commodity intermediary. A security interest in deposit accounts, letter-of-credit rights, or investment property which is perfected under the law of the bank's jurisdiction, the issuer's jurisdiction, a nominated person's jurisdiction, the securities intermediary's jurisdiction, or the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction, as applicable, remains perfected until the earlier of:\n\n(1) the time the security interest would have become unperfected under the law of that jurisdiction; or\n\n(2) the expiration of four months after a change of the applicable jurisdiction to another jurisdiction.\n\n(g) Subsection (f) security interest perfected or unperfected under law of new jurisdiction. If a security interest described in subsection (f) becomes perfected under the law of the other jurisdiction before the earlier of the time or the end of the period described in that subsection, it remains perfected thereafter. If the security interest does not become perfected under the law of the other jurisdiction before the earlier of that time or the end of that period, it becomes unperfected and is deemed never to have been perfected as against a purchaser of the collateral for value.\n\nSubpart 3. Priority\n\n382-A:9-317 Interests That Take Priority Over or Take Free of Security Interest or Agricultural Lien.\n\n(a) Conflicting security interests and rights of lien creditors. A security interest or agricultural lien is subordinate to the rights of:\n\n(1) a person entitled to priority under Section 9-322; and\n\n(2) except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a person that becomes a lien creditor before the earlier of the time:\n\n(A) the security interest or agricultural lien is perfected; or\n\n(B) one of the conditions specified in Section 9-203(b)(3) is met and a financing statement covering the collateral is filed.\n\n(b) Buyers that receive delivery. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer, other than a secured party, of tangible chattel paper, documents, goods, instruments, or a security certificate takes free of a security interest or agricultural lien if the buyer gives value and receives delivery of the collateral without knowledge of the security interest or agricultural lien and before it is perfected.\n\n(c) Lessees that receive delivery. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a lessee of goods takes free of a security interest or agricultural lien if the lessee gives value and receives delivery of the collateral without knowledge of the security interest or agricultural lien and before it is perfected.\n\n(d) Licensees and buyers of certain collateral. A licensee of a general intangible or a buyer, other than a secured party, of accounts, electronic chattel paper, general intangibles, or investment property other than a certificated security takes free of a security interest if the licensee or buyer gives value without knowledge of the security interest and before it is perfected.\n\n(e) Purchase-money security interest. Except as otherwise provided in Sections 9-320 and 9-321, if a person files a financing statement with respect to a purchase-money security interest before or within 20 days after the debtor receives delivery of the collateral, the security interest takes priority over the rights of a buyer, lessee, or lien creditor which arise between the time the security interest attaches and the time of filing.\n\n382-A:9-318 No Interest Retained in Right to Payment That is Sold; Rights and Title of Seller of Account or Chattel Paper with Respect to Creditors and Purchasers.\n\n(a) Seller retains no interest. A debtor that has sold an account, chattel paper, payment intangible, or promissory note does not retain a legal or equitable interest in the collateral sold.\n\n(b) Deemed rights of debtor if buyer's security interest unperfected. For purposes of determining the rights of creditors of, and purchasers for value of an account or chattel paper from, a debtor that has sold an account or chattel paper, while the buyer's security interest is unperfected, the debtor is deemed to have rights and title to the account or chattel paper identical to those the debtor sold.\n\n382-A:9-319 Rights and Title of Consignee with Respect to Creditors and Purchasers.\n\n(a) Consignee has consignor's rights. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), for purposes of determining the rights of creditors of, and purchasers for value of goods from, a consignee, while the goods are in the possession of the consignee, the consignee is deemed to have rights and title to the goods identical to those the consignor had or had power to transfer.\n\n(b) Applicability of other law. For purposes of determining the rights of a creditor of a consignee, law other than this article determines the rights and title of a consignee while goods are in the consignee's possession if, under this part, a perfected security interest held by the consignor would have priority over the rights of the creditor.\n\n382-A:9-320 Buyer of Goods.\n\n(a) Buyer in ordinary course of business. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer in ordinary course of business, other than a person buying farm products from a person engaged in farming operations, takes free of a security interest created by the buyer's seller, even if the security interest is perfected and the buyer knows of its existence.\n\n(b) Buyer of consumer goods. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer of goods from a person who used or bought the goods for use primarily for personal, family, or household purposes takes free of a security interest, even if perfected, if the buyer buys:\n\n(1) without knowledge of the security interest;\n\n(2) for value;\n\n(3) primarily for the buyer's personal, family, or household purposes; and\n\n(4) before the filing of a financing statement covering the goods.\n\n(c) Effectiveness of filing for subsection (b). To the extent that it affects the priority of a security interest over a buyer of goods under subsection (b), the period of effectiveness of a filing made in the jurisdiction in which the seller is located is governed by Section 9-316(a) and (b).\n\n(d) Buyer in ordinary course of business at wellhead or minehead. A buyer in ordinary course of business buying oil, gas, or other minerals at the wellhead or minehead or after extraction takes free of an interest arising out of an encumbrance.\n\n(e) Possessory security interest not affected. Subsections (a) and (b) do not affect a security interest in goods in the possession of the secured party under Section 9-313.\n\n382-A:9-321 Licensee of General Intangible and Lessee of Goods in Ordinary Course of Business.\n\n(a) \"Licensee in ordinary course of business.\" In this section, \"licensee in ordinary course of business\" means a person that becomes a licensee of a general intangible in good faith, without knowledge that the license violates the rights of another person in the general intangible, and in the ordinary course from a person in the business of licensing general intangibles of that kind. A person becomes a licensee in the ordinary course if the license to the person comports with the usual or customary practices in the kind of business in which the licensor is engaged or with the licensor's own usual or customary practices.\n\n(b) Rights of licensee in ordinary course of business. A licensee in ordinary course of business takes its rights under a nonexclusive license free of a security interest in the general intangible created by the licensor, even if the security interest is perfected and the licensee knows of its existence.\n\n(c) Rights of lessee in ordinary course of business. A lessee in ordinary course of business takes its leasehold interest free of a security interest in the goods created by the lessor, even if the security interest is perfected and the lessee knows of its existence.\n\n382-A:9-322 Priorities Among Conflicting Security Interests in and Agricultural Liens on Same Collateral.\n\n(a) General priority rules. Except as otherwise provided in this section, priority among conflicting security interests and agricultural liens in the same collateral is determined according to the following rules:\n\n(1) Conflicting perfected security interests and agricultural liens rank according to priority in time of filing or perfection. Priority dates from the earlier of the time a filing covering the collateral is first made or the security interest or agricultural lien is first perfected, if there is no period thereafter when there is neither filing nor perfection.\n\n(2) A perfected security interest or agricultural lien has priority over a conflicting unperfected security interest or agricultural lien.\n\n(3) The first security interest or agricultural lien to attach or become effective has priority if conflicting security interests and agricultural liens are unperfected.\n\n(b) Time of perfection: proceeds and supporting obligations. For the purposes of subsection (a)(1):\n\n(1) the time of filing or perfection as to a security interest in collateral is also the time of filing or perfection as to a security interest in proceeds; and\n\n(2) the time of filing or perfection as to a security interest in collateral supported by a supporting obligation is also the time of filing or perfection as to a security interest in the supporting obligation.\n\n(c) Special priority rules: proceeds and supporting obligations. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (f), a security interest in collateral which qualifies for priority over a conflicting security interest under Section 9-327, 9-328, 9-329, 9-330, or 9-331 also has priority over a conflicting security interest in:\n\n(1) any supporting obligation for the collateral; and\n\n(2) proceeds of the collateral if:\n\n(A) the security interest in proceeds is perfected;\n\n(B) the proceeds are cash proceeds or of the same type as the collateral; and\n\n(C) in the case of proceeds that are proceeds of proceeds, all intervening proceeds are cash proceeds, proceeds of the same type as the collateral, or an account relating to the collateral.\n\n(d) First-to-file priority rule for certain collateral. Subject to subsection (e) and except as otherwise provided in subsection (f), if a security interest in chattel paper, deposit accounts, negotiable documents, instruments, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights is perfected by a method other than filing, conflicting perfected security interests in proceeds of the collateral rank according to priority in time of filing.\n\n(e) Applicability of subsection (d). Subsection (d) applies only if the proceeds of the collateral are not cash proceeds, chattel paper, negotiable documents, instruments, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights.\n\n(f) Limitations on subsections (a) through (e). Subsections (a) through (e) are subject to:\n\n(1) subsection (g) and the other provisions of this part;\n\n(2) Section 4-210 with respect to a security interest of a collecting bank;\n\n(3) Section 5-118 with respect to a security interest of an issuer or nominated person; and\n\n(4) Section 9-110 with respect to a security interest arising under Article 2 or 2A.\n\n(g) Priority under agricultural lien statute. A perfected agricultural lien on collateral has priority over a conflicting security interest in or agricultural lien on the same collateral if the statute creating the agricultural lien so provides.\n\n382-A:9-323 Future Advances.\n\n(a) When priority based on time of advance. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), for purposes of determining the priority of a perfected security interest under Section 9-322(a)(1), perfection of the security interest dates from the time an advance is made to the extent that the security interest secures an advance that:\n\n(1) is made while the security interest is perfected only:\n\n(A) under Section 9-309 when it attaches; or\n\n(B) temporarily under Section 9-312(e), (f), or (g); and\n\n(2) is not made pursuant to a commitment entered into before or while the security interest is perfected by a method other than under Section 9-309 or 9-312(e), (f), or (g).\n\n(b) Lien creditor. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a security interest is subordinate to the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor to the extent that the security interest secures an advance made more than 45 days after the person becomes a lien creditor unless the advance is made:\n\n(1) without knowledge of the lien; or\n\n(2) pursuant to a commitment entered into without knowledge of the lien.\n\n(c) Buyer of receivables. Subsections (a) and (b) do not apply to a security interest held by a secured party that is a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes or a consignor.\n\n(d) Buyer of goods. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer of goods other than a buyer in ordinary course of business takes free of a security interest to the extent that it secures advances made after the earlier of:\n\n(1) the time the secured party acquires knowledge of the buyer's purchase; or\n\n(2) 45 days after the purchase.\n\n(e) Advances made pursuant to commitment: priority of buyer of goods. Subsection (d) does not apply if the advance is made pursuant to a commitment entered into without knowledge of the buyer's purchase and before the expiration of the 45-day period.\n\n(f) Lessee of goods. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a lessee of goods, other than a lessee in ordinary course of business, takes the leasehold interest free of a security interest to the extent that it secures advances made after the earlier of:\n\n(1) the time the secured party acquires knowledge of the lease; or\n\n(2) 45 days after the lease contract becomes enforceable.\n\n(g) Advances made pursuant to commitment: priority of lessee of goods. Subsection (f) does not apply if the advance is made pursuant to a commitment entered into without knowledge of the lease and before the expiration of the 45-day period.\n\n382-A:9-324 Priority of Purchase-Money Security Interests.\n\n(a) General rule: purchase-money priority. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a perfected purchase-money security interest in goods other than inventory or livestock has priority over a conflicting security interest in the same goods, and, except as otherwise provided in Section 9-327, a perfected security interest in its identifiable proceeds also has priority, if the purchase-money security interest is perfected when the debtor receives possession of the collateral or within 20 days thereafter.\n\n(b) Inventory purchase-money priority. Subject to subsection (c) and except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a perfected purchase-money security interest in inventory has priority over a conflicting security interest in the same inventory, has priority over a conflicting security interest in chattel paper or an instrument constituting proceeds of the inventory and in proceeds of the chattel paper, if so provided in Section 9-330, and, except as otherwise provided in Section 9-327, also has priority in identifiable cash proceeds of the inventory to the extent the identifiable cash proceeds are received on or before the delivery of the inventory to a buyer, if:\n\n(1) the purchase-money security interest is perfected when the debtor receives possession of the inventory;\n\n(2) the purchase-money secured party sends an authenticated notification to the holder of the conflicting security interest;\n\n(3) the holder of the conflicting security interest receives the notification within five years before the debtor receives possession of the inventory; and\n\n(4) the notification states that the person sending the notification has or expects to acquire a purchase-money security interest in inventory of the debtor and describes the inventory.\n\n(c) Holders of conflicting inventory security interests to be notified. Subsections (b)(2) through (4) apply only if the holder of the conflicting security interest had filed a financing statement covering the same types of inventory:\n\n(1) if the purchase-money security interest is perfected by filing, before the date of the filing; or\n\n(2) if the purchase-money security interest is temporarily perfected without filing or possession under Section 9-312(f), before the beginning of the 20-day period thereunder.\n\n(d) Livestock purchase-money priority. Subject to subsection (e) and except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a perfected purchase-money security interest in livestock that are farm products has priority over a conflicting security interest in the same livestock, and, except as otherwise provided in Section 9-327, a perfected security interest in their identifiable proceeds and identifiable products in their unmanufactured states also has priority, if:\n\n(1) the purchase-money security interest is perfected when the debtor receives possession of the livestock;\n\n(2) the purchase-money secured party sends an authenticated notification to the holder of the conflicting security interest;\n\n(3) the holder of the conflicting security interest receives the notification within six months before the debtor receives possession of the livestock; and\n\n(4) the notification states that the person sending the notification has or expects to acquire a purchase-money security interest in livestock of the debtor and describes the livestock.\n\n(e) Holders of conflicting livestock security interests to be notified. Subsections (d)(2) through (4) apply only if the holder of the conflicting security interest had filed a financing statement covering the same types of livestock:\n\n(1) if the purchase-money security interest is perfected by filing, before the date of the filing; or\n\n(2) if the purchase-money security interest is temporarily perfected without filing or possession under Section 9-312(f), before the beginning of the 20-day period thereunder.\n\n(f) Software purchase-money priority. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a perfected purchase-money security interest in software has priority over a conflicting security interest in the same collateral, and, except as otherwise provided in Section 9-327, a perfected security interest in its identifiable proceeds also has priority, to the extent that the purchase-money security interest in the goods in which the software was acquired for use has priority in the goods and proceeds of the goods under this section.\n\n(g) Conflicting purchase-money security interests. If more than one security interest qualifies for priority in the same collateral under subsection (a), (b), (d), or (f):\n\n(1) a security interest securing an obligation incurred as all or part of the price of the collateral has priority over a security interest securing an obligation incurred for value given to enable the debtor to acquire rights in or the use of collateral; and\n\n(2) in all other cases, Section 9-322(a) applies to the qualifying security interests.\n\n382-A:9-325 Priority of Security Interests in Transferred Collateral.\n\n(a) Subordination of security interest in transferred collateral. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a security interest created by a debtor is subordinate to a security interest in the same collateral created by another person if:\n\n(1) the debtor acquired the collateral subject to the security interest created by the other person;\n\n(2) the security interest created by the other person was perfected when the debtor acquired the collateral; and\n\n(3) there is no period thereafter when the security interest is unperfected.\n\n(b) Limitation of subsection (a) subordination. Subsection (a) subordinates a security interest only if the security interest:\n\n(1) otherwise would have priority solely under Section 9-322(a) or 9-324; or\n\n(2) arose solely under Section 2-711(3) or 2A-508(5).\n\n382-A:9-326 Priority of Security Interests Created by New Debtor.\n\n(a) Subordination of security interest created by new debtor. Subject to subsection (b), a security interest created by a new debtor which is perfected by a filed financing statement that is effective solely under Section 9-508 in collateral in which a new debtor has or acquires rights is subordinate to a security interest in the same collateral which is perfected other than by a filed financing statement that is effective solely under Section 9-508.\n\n(b) Priority under other provisions; multiple original debtors. The other provisions of this part determine the priority among conflicting security interests in the same collateral perfected by filed financing statements that are effective solely under Section 9-508. However, if the security agreements to which a new debtor became bound as debtor were not entered into by the same original debtor, the conflicting security interests rank according to priority in time of the new debtor's having become bound.\n\n382-A:9-327 Priority of Security Interests in Deposit Account. The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same deposit account:\n\n(1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of the deposit account under Section 9-104 has priority over a conflicting security interest held by a secured party that does not have control.\n\n(2) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (3) and (4), security interests perfected by control under Section 9-314 rank according to priority in time of obtaining control.\n\n(3) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (4), a security interest held by the bank with which the deposit account is maintained has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party.\n\n(4) A security interest perfected by control under Section 9-104(a)(3) has priority over a security interest held by the bank with which the deposit account is maintained.\n\n382-A:9-328 Priority of Security Interests in Investment Property. The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same investment property:\n\n(1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of investment property under Section 9-106 has priority over a security interest held by a secured party that does not have control of the investment property.\n\n(2) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (3) and (4), conflicting security interests held by secured parties each of which has control under Section 9-106 rank according to priority in time of:\n\n(A) if the collateral is a security, obtaining control;\n\n(B) if the collateral is a security entitlement carried in a securities account and:\n\n(i) if the secured party obtained control under Section 8-106(d)(1), the secured party's becoming the person for which the securities account is maintained;\n\n(ii) if the secured party obtained control under Section 8-106(d)(2), the securities intermediary's agreement to comply with the secured party's entitlement orders with respect to security entitlements carried or to be carried in the securities account; or\n\n(iii) if the secured party obtained control through another person under Section 8-106(d)(3), the time on which priority would be based under this paragraph if the other person were the secured party; or\n\n(C) if the collateral is a commodity contract carried with a commodity intermediary, the satisfaction of the requirement for control specified in Section 9-106(b)(2) with respect to commodity contracts carried or to be carried with the commodity intermediary.\n\n(3) A security interest held by a securities intermediary in a security entitlement or a securities account maintained with the securities intermediary has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party.\n\n(4) A security interest held by a commodity intermediary in a commodity contract or a commodity account maintained with the commodity intermediary has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party.\n\n(5) A security interest in a certificated security in registered form which is perfected by taking delivery under Section 9-313(a) and not by control under Section 9-314 has priority over a conflicting security interest perfected by a method other than control.\n\n(6) Conflicting security interests created by a broker, securities intermediary, or commodity intermediary which are perfected without control under Section 9-106 rank equally.\n\n(7) In all other cases, priority among conflicting security interests in investment property is governed by Sections 9-322 and 9-323.\n\n382-A:9-329 Priority of Security Interests in Letter-of-Credit Right. The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same letter-of-credit right:\n\n(1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of the letter-of-credit right under Section 9-107 has priority to the extent of its control over a conflicting security interest held by a secured party that does not have control.\n\n(2) Security interests perfected by control under Section 9-314 rank according to priority in time of obtaining control.\n\n382-A:9-330 Priority of Purchaser of Chattel Paper or Instrument.\n\n(a) Purchaser's priority: security interest claimed merely as proceeds. A purchaser of chattel paper has priority over a security interest in the chattel paper which is claimed merely as proceeds of inventory subject to a security interest if:\n\n(1) in good faith and in the ordinary course of the purchaser's business, the purchaser gives new value and takes possession of the chattel paper or obtains control of the chattel paper under Section 9-105; and\n\n(2) the chattel paper does not indicate that it has been assigned to an identified assignee other than the purchaser.\n\n(b) Purchaser's priority: other security interests. A purchaser of chattel paper has priority over a security interest in the chattel paper which is claimed other than merely as proceeds of inventory subject to a security interest if the purchaser gives new value and takes possession of the chattel paper or obtains control of the chattel paper under Section 9-105 in good faith, in the ordinary course of the purchaser's business, and without knowledge that the purchase violates the rights of the secured party.\n\n(c) Chattel paper purchaser's priority in proceeds. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-327, a purchaser having priority in chattel paper under subsection (a) or (b) also has priority in proceeds of the chattel paper to the extent that:\n\n(1) Section 9-322 provides for priority in the proceeds; or\n\n(2) the proceeds consist of the specific goods covered by the chattel paper or cash proceeds of the specific goods, even if the purchaser's security interest in the proceeds is unperfected.\n\n(d) Instrument purchaser's priority. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-331(a), a purchaser of an instrument has priority over a security interest in the instrument perfected by a method other than possession if the purchaser gives value and takes possession of the instrument in good faith and without knowledge that the purchase violates the rights of the secured party.\n\n(e) Holder of purchase-money security interest gives new value. For purposes of subsections (a) and (b), the holder of a purchase-money security interest in inventory gives new value for chattel paper constituting proceeds of the inventory.\n\n(f) Indication of assignment gives knowledge. For purposes of subsections (b) and (d), if chattel paper or an instrument indicates that it has been assigned to an identified secured party other than the purchaser, a purchaser of the chattel paper or instrument has knowledge that the purchase violates the rights of the secured party.\n\n382-A:9-331 Priority of Rights of Purchasers of Instruments, Documents, and Securities Under Other Articles; Priority of Interests in Financial Assets and Security Entitlements Under Article 8.\n\n(a) Rights under Articles 3, 7, and 8 not limited. This article does not limit the rights of a holder in due course of a negotiable instrument, a holder to which a negotiable document of title has been duly negotiated, or a protected purchaser of a security. These holders or purchasers take priority over an earlier security interest, even if perfected, to the extent provided in Articles 3, 7, and 8.\n\n(b) Protection under Article 8. This article does not limit the rights of or impose liability on a person to the extent that the person is protected against the assertion of a claim under Article 8.\n\n(c) Filing not notice. Filing under this article does not constitute notice of a claim or defense to the holders, or purchasers, or persons described in subsections (a) and (b).\n\n382-A:9-332 Transfer of Money; Transfer of Funds From Deposit Account.\n\n(a) Transferee of money. A transferee of money takes the money free of a security interest unless the transferee acts in collusion with the debtor in violating the rights of the secured party.\n\n(b) Transferee of funds from deposit account. A transferee of funds from a deposit account takes the funds free of a security interest in the deposit account unless the transferee acts in collusion with the debtor in violating the rights of the secured party.\n\n382-A:9-933 Priority of Certain Liens Arising by Operation of Law.\n\n(a) \"Possessory lien.\" In this section, \"possessory lien\" means an interest, other than a security interest or an agricultural lien:\n\n(1) which secures payment or performance of an obligation for services or materials furnished with respect to goods by a person in the ordinary course of the person's business;\n\n(2) which is created by statute or rule of law in favor of the person; and\n\n(3) whose effectiveness depends on the person's possession of the goods.\n\n(b) Priority of possessory lien. A possessory lien on goods has priority over a security interest in the goods unless the lien is created by a statute that expressly provides otherwise.\n\n382-A:9-334 Priority of Security Interests in Fixtures and Crops.\n\n(a) Security interest in fixtures under this article. A security interest under this article may be created in goods that are fixtures or may continue in goods that become fixtures. A security interest does not exist under this article in ordinary building materials incorporated into an improvement on land.\n\n(b) Security interest in fixtures under real-property law. This article does not prevent creation of an encumbrance upon fixtures under real property law.\n\n(c) General rule: subordination of security interest in fixtures. In cases not governed by subsections (d) through (h), a security interest in fixtures is subordinate to a conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the related real property other than the debtor.\n\n(d) Fixtures purchase-money priority. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (h), a perfected security interest in fixtures has priority over a conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the real property if the debtor has an interest of record in or is in possession of the real property and:\n\n(1) the security interest is a purchase-money security interest;\n\n(2) the interest of the encumbrancer or owner arises before the goods become fixtures; and\n\n(3) the security interest is perfected by a fixture filing before the goods become fixtures or within 20 days thereafter.\n\n(e) Priority of security interest in fixtures over interests in real property. A perfected security interest in fixtures has priority over a conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the real property if:\n\n(1) the debtor has an interest of record in the real property or is in possession of the real property and the security interest:\n\n(A) is perfected by a fixture filing before the interest of the encumbrancer or owner is of record; and\n\n(B) has priority over any conflicting interest of a predecessor in title of the encumbrancer or owner;\n\n(2) before the goods become fixtures, the security interest is perfected by any method permitted by this article and the fixtures are readily removable:\n\n(A) factory or office machines;\n\n(B) equipment that is not primarily used or leased for use in the operation of the real property; or\n\n(C) replacements of domestic appliances that are consumer goods;\n\n(3) the conflicting interest is a lien on the real property obtained by legal or equitable proceedings after the security interest was perfected by any method permitted by this article; or\n\n(4) the security interest is:\n\n(A) created in a manufactured home in a manufactured-home transaction; and\n\n(B) perfected pursuant to a statute described in Section 9-311(a)(2).\n\n(f) Priority based on consent, disclaimer, or right to remove. A security interest in fixtures, whether or not perfected, has priority over a conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the real property if:\n\n(1) the encumbrancer or owner has, in an authenticated record, consented to the security interest or disclaimed an interest in the goods as fixtures; or\n\n(2) the debtor has a right to remove the goods as against the encumbrancer or owner.\n\n(g) Continuation of paragraph (f)(2) priority. The priority of the security interest under paragraph (f)(2) continues for a reasonable time if the debtor's right to remove the goods as against the encumbrancer or owner terminates.\n\n(h) Priority of construction mortgage. A mortgage is a construction mortgage to the extent that it secures an obligation incurred for the construction of an improvement on land, including the acquisition cost of the land, if a recorded record of the mortgage so indicates. Except as otherwise provided in subsections (e) and (f), a security interest in fixtures is subordinate to a construction mortgage if a record of the mortgage is recorded before the goods become fixtures and the goods become fixtures before the completion of the construction. A mortgage has this priority to the same extent as a construction mortgage to the extent that it is given to refinance a construction mortgage.\n\n(i) Priority of security interest in crops. A perfected security interest in crops growing on real property has priority over a conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the real property if the debtor has an interest of record in or is in possession of the real property.\n\n382-A:9-335 Accessions.\n\n(a) Creation of security interest in accession. A security interest may be created in an accession and continues in collateral that becomes an accession.\n\n(b) Perfection of security interest. If a security interest is perfected when the collateral becomes an accession, the security interest remains perfected in the collateral.\n\n(c) Priority of security interest. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), the other provisions of this part determine the priority of a security interest in an accession.\n\n(d) Compliance with certificate-of-title statute. A security interest in an accession is subordinate to a security interest in the whole which is perfected by compliance with the requirements of a certificate-of-title statute under Section 9-311(b).\n\n(e) Removal of accession after default. After default, subject to Part 6, a secured party may remove an accession from other goods if the security interest in the accession has priority over the claims of every person having an interest in the whole.\n\n(f) Reimbursement following removal. A secured party that removes an accession from other goods under subsection (e) shall promptly reimburse any holder of a security interest or other lien on, or owner of, the whole or of the other goods, other than the debtor, for the cost of repair of any physical injury to the whole or the other goods. The secured party need not reimburse the holder or owner for any diminution in value of the whole or the other goods caused by the absence of the accession removed or by any necessity for replacing it. A person entitled to reimbursement may refuse permission to remove until the secured party gives adequate assurance for the performance of the obligation to reimburse.\n\n382-A:9-336 Commingled Goods.\n\n(a) \"Commingled goods.\" In this section, \"commingled goods\" means goods that are physically united with other goods in such a manner that their identity is lost in a product or mass.\n\n(b) No security interest in commingled goods as such. A security interest does not exist in commingled goods as such. However, a security interest may attach to a product or mass that results when goods become commingled goods.\n\n(c) Attachment of security interest to product or mass. If collateral becomes commingled goods, a security interest attaches to the product or mass.\n\n(d) Perfection of security interest. If a security interest in collateral is perfected before the collateral becomes commingled goods, the security interest that attaches to the product or mass under subsection (c) is perfected.\n\n(e) Priority of security interest. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (f), the other provisions of this part determine the priority of a security interest that attaches to the product or mass under subsection (c).\n\n(f) Conflicting security interests in product or mass. If more than one security interest attaches to the product or mass under subsection (c), the following rules determine priority:\n\n(1) A security interest that is perfected under subsection (d) has priority over a security interest that is unperfected at the time the collateral becomes commingled goods.\n\n(2) If more than one security interest is perfected under subsection (d), the security interests rank equally in proportion to the value of the collateral at the time it became commingled goods.\n\n382-A:9-337 Priority of Security Interests in Goods Covered by Certificate of Title. If, while a security interest in goods is perfected by any method under the law of another jurisdiction, this State issues a certificate of title that does not show that the goods are subject to the security interest or contain a statement that they may be subject to security interests not shown on the certificate:\n\n(1) a buyer of the goods, other than a person in the business of selling goods of that kind, takes free of the security interest if the buyer gives value and receives delivery of the goods after issuance of the certificate and without knowledge of the security interest; and\n\n(2) the security interest is subordinate to a conflicting security interest in the goods that attaches, and is perfected under Section 9-311(b), after issuance of the certificate and without the conflicting secured party's knowledge of the security interest.\n\n382-A:9-338 Priority of Security Interest or Agricultural Lien Perfected by Filed Financing Statement Providing Certain Incorrect Information. If a security interest or agricultural lien is perfected by a filed financing statement providing information described in Section 9-516(b)(5) which is incorrect at the time the financing statement is filed:\n\n(1) the security interest or agricultural lien is subordinate to a conflicting perfected security interest in the collateral to the extent that the holder of the conflicting security interest gives value in reasonable reliance upon the incorrect information; and\n\n(2) a purchaser, other than a secured party, of the collateral takes free of the security interest or agricultural lien to the extent that, in reasonable reliance upon the incorrect information, the purchaser gives value and, in the case of chattel paper, documents, goods, instruments, or a security certificate, receives delivery of the collateral.\n\n382-A:9-339 Priority Subject to Subordination. This article does not preclude subordination by agreement by a person entitled to priority.\n\nSubpart 4. Rights of Bank\n\n382-A:9-340 Effectiveness of Right of Recoupment or Set-Off Against Deposit Account.\n\n(a) Exercise of recoupment or set-off. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a bank with which a deposit account is maintained may exercise any right of recoupment or set-off against a secured party that holds a security interest in the deposit account.\n\n(b) Recoupment or set-off not affected by security interest. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), the application of this article to a security interest in a deposit account does not affect a right of recoupment or set-off of the secured party as to a deposit account maintained with the secured party.\n\n(c) When set-off ineffective. The exercise by a bank of a set-off against a deposit account is ineffective against a secured party that holds a security interest in the deposit account which is perfected by control under Section 9-104(a)(3), if the set-off is based on a claim against the debtor.\n\n382-A:9-341 Bank's Rights and Duties with Respect to Deposit Account. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-340(c), and unless the bank otherwise agrees in an authenticated record, a bank's rights and duties with respect to a deposit account maintained with the bank are not terminated, suspended, or modified by:\n\n(1) the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the deposit account;\n\n(2) the bank's knowledge of the security interest; or\n\n(3) the bank's receipt of instructions from the secured party.\n\n382-A:9-342 Bank's Right to Refuse to Enter Into or Disclose Existence of Control Agreement. This article does not require a bank to enter into an agreement of the kind described in Section 9-104(a)(2), even if its customer so requests or directs. A bank that has entered into such an agreement is not required to confirm the existence of the agreement to another person unless requested to do so by its customer.\n\nPart 4\n\nRights of Third Parties\n\n382-A:9-401 Alienability of Debtor's Rights.\n\n(a) Other law governs alienability; exceptions. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) and Sections 9-406, 9-407, 9-408, and 9-409, whether a debtor's rights in collateral may be voluntarily or involuntarily transferred is governed by law other than this article.\n\n(b) Agreement does not prevent transfer. An agreement between the debtor and secured party which prohibits a transfer of the debtor's rights in collateral or makes the transfer a default does not prevent the transfer from taking effect.\n\n382-A:9-402 Secured Party Not Obligated on Contract of Debtor or in Tort. The existence of a security interest, agricultural lien, or authority given to a debtor to dispose of or use collateral, without more, does not subject a secured party to liability in contract or tort for the debtor's acts or omissions.\n\n382-A:9-403 Agreement Not to Assert Defenses Against Assignee.\n\n(a) \"Value.\" In this section, \"value\" has the meaning provided in Section 3-303(a).\n\n(b) Agreement not to assert claim or defense. Except as otherwise provided in this section, an agreement between an account debtor and an assignor not to assert against an assignee any claim or defense that the account debtor may have against the assignor is enforceable by an assignee that takes an assignment:\n\n(1) for value;\n\n(2) in good faith;\n\n(3) without notice of a claim of a property or possessory right to the property assigned; and\n\n(4) without notice of a defense or claim in recoupment of the type that may be asserted against a person entitled to enforce a negotiable instrument under Section 3-305(a).\n\n(c) When subsection (b) not applicable. Subsection (b) does not apply to defenses of a type that may be asserted against a holder in due course of a negotiable instrument under Section 3-305(b).\n\n(d) Omission of required statement in consumer transaction. In a consumer transaction, if a record evidences the account debtor's obligation, law other than this article requires that the record include a statement to the effect that the rights of an assignee are subject to claims or defenses that the account debtor could assert against the original obligee, and the record does not include such a statement:\n\n(1) the record has the same effect as if the record included such a statement; and\n\n(2) the account debtor may assert against an assignee those claims and defenses that would have been available if the record included such a statement.\n\n(e) Rule for individual under other law. This section is subject to law other than this article which establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.\n\n(f) Other law not displaced. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), this section does not displace law other than this article which gives effect to an agreement by an account debtor not to assert a claim or defense against an assignee.\n\n382-A:9-404 Rights Acquired by Assignee; Claims and Defenses Against Assignee.\n\n(a) Assignee's rights subject to terms, claims, and defenses; exceptions. Unless an account debtor has made an enforceable agreement not to assert defenses or claims, and subject to subsections (b) through (e), the rights of an assignee are subject to:\n\n(1) all terms of the agreement between the account debtor and assignor and any defense or claim in recoupment arising from the transaction that gave rise to the contract; and\n\n(2) any other defense or claim of the account debtor against the assignor which accrues before the account debtor receives a notification of the assignment authenticated by the assignor or the assignee.\n\n(b) Account debtor's claim reduces amount owed to assignee. Subject to subsection (c) and except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), the claim of an account debtor against an assignor may be asserted against an assignee under subsection (a) only to reduce the amount the account debtor owes.\n\n(c) Rule for individual under other law. This section is subject to law other than this article which establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.\n\n(d) Omission of required statement in consumer transaction. In a consumer transaction, if a record evidences the account debtor's obligation, law other than this article requires that the record include a statement to the effect that the account debtor's recovery against an assignee with respect to claims and defenses against the assignor may not exceed amounts paid by the account debtor under the record, and the record does not include such a statement, the extent to which a claim of an account debtor against the assignor may be asserted against an assignee is determined as if the record included such a statement.\n\n(e) Inapplicability to health-care-insurance receivable. This section does not apply to an assignment of a health-care-insurance receivable.\n\n382-A:9-405 Modification of Assigned Contract.\n\n(a) Effect of modification on assignee. A modification of or substitution for an assigned contract is effective against an assignee if made in good faith. The assignee acquires corresponding rights under the modified or substituted contract. The assignment may provide that the modification or substitution is a breach of contract by the assignor. This subsection is subject to subsections (b) through (d).\n\n(b) Applicability of subsection (a). Subsection (a) applies to the extent that:\n\n(1) the right to payment or a part thereof under an assigned contract has not been fully earned by performance; or\n\n(2) the right to payment or a part thereof has been fully earned by performance and the account debtor has not received notification of the assignment under Section 9-406(a).\n\n(c) Rule for individual under other law. This section is subject to law other than this article which establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.\n\n(d) Inapplicability to health-care-insurance receivable. This section does not apply to an assignment of a health-care-insurance receivable.\n\n382-A:9-406 Discharge of Account Debtor; Notification of Assignment; Identification and Proof of Assignment; Restrictions on Assignment of Accounts, Chattel Paper, Payment Intangibles, and Promissory Notes Ineffective.\n\n(a) Discharge of account debtor; effect of notification. Subject to subsections (b) through (i), an account debtor on an account, chattel paper, or a payment intangible may discharge its obligation by paying the assignor until, but not after, the account debtor receives a notification, authenticated by the assignor or the assignee, that the amount due or to become due has been assigned and that payment is to be made to the assignee. After receipt of the notification, the account debtor may discharge its obligation by paying the assignee and may not discharge the obligation by paying the assignor.\n\n(b) When notification ineffective. Subject to subsection (h), notification is ineffective under subsection (a):\n\n(1) if it does not reasonably identify the rights assigned;\n\n(2) to the extent that an agreement between an account debtor and a seller of a payment intangible limits the account debtor's duty to pay a person other than the seller and the limitation is effective under law other than this article; or\n\n(3) at the option of an account debtor, if the notification notifies the account debtor to make less than the full amount of any installment or other periodic payment to the assignee, even if:\n\n(A) only a portion of the account, chattel paper, or payment intangible has been assigned to that assignee;\n\n(B) a portion has been assigned to another assignee; or\n\n(C) the account debtor knows that the assignment to that assignee is limited.\n\n(c) Proof of assignment. Subject to subsection (h), if requested by the account debtor, an assignee shall seasonably furnish reasonable proof that the assignment has been made. Unless the assignee complies, the account debtor may discharge its obligation by paying the assignor, even if the account debtor has received a notification under subsection (a).\n\n(d) Term restricting assignment generally ineffective. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e) and Sections 2A-303 and 9-407, and subject to subsection (h), a term in an agreement between an account debtor and an assignor or in a promissory note is ineffective to the extent that it:\n\n(1) prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of the account debtor or person obligated on the promissory note to the assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in, the account, chattel paper, payment intangible, or promissory note; or\n\n(2) provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the account, chattel paper, payment intangible, or promissory note.\n\n(e) Inapplicability of subsection (d) to certain sales. Subsection (d) does not apply to the sale of a payment intangible or promissory note.\n\n(f) Legal restrictions on assignment generally ineffective. Except as otherwise provided in Sections 2A-303 and 9-407 and subject to subsections (h) and (i), a rule of law, statute, or regulation that prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of a government, governmental body or official, or account debtor to the assignment or transfer of, or creation of a security interest in, an account or chattel paper is ineffective to the extent that the rule of law, statute, or regulation:\n\n(1) prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of the government, governmental body or official, or account debtor to the assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in, the account or chattel paper; or\n\n(2) provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the account or chattel paper.\n\n(g) Subsection (b)(3) not waivable. Subject to subsection (h), an account debtor may not waive or vary its option under subsection (b)(3).\n\n(h) Rule for individual under other law. This section is subject to law other than this article which establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.\n\n(i) Inapplicability. This section does not apply to:\n\n(1) an assignment of a health-care-insurance receivable; or\n\n(2) an assignment or transfer of or creation of a security interest in:\n\n(A) a claim or right to receive compensation for injuries or sickness as described in 26 U.S.C. \u00a7104(a)(1) or (2), as amended from time to time; or\n\n(B) a claim or right to receive benefits under a special needs trust as described in 42 U.S.C. \u00a71396p(d)(4), as amended from time to time.\n\n(j) Section prevails over inconsistent law. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (i), this section prevails over any inconsistent provision of an existing or future statute, rule, or regulation of this State unless the provision is contained in a statute of this State, refers expressly to this section, and states that the provision prevails over this section.\n\n382-A:9-407 Restrictions on Creation or Enforcement of Security Interest in Leasehold Interest or in Lessor's Residual Interest.\n\n(a) Term restricting assignment generally ineffective. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a term in a lease agreement is ineffective to the extent that it:\n\n(1) prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of a party to the lease to the assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in, an interest of a party under the lease contract or in the lessor's residual interest in the goods; or\n\n(2) provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the lease.\n\n(b) Effectiveness of certain terms. Except as otherwise provided in Section 2A-303(7), a term described in subsection (a)(2) is effective to the extent that there is:\n\n(1) a transfer by the lessee of the lessee's right of possession or use of the goods in violation of the term; or\n\n(2) a delegation of a material performance of either party to the lease contract in violation of the term.\n\n(c) Security interest not material impairment. The creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in the lessor's interest under the lease contract or the lessor's residual interest in the goods is not a transfer that materially impairs the lessee's prospect of obtaining return performance or materially changes the duty of or materially increases the burden or risk imposed on the lessee within the purview of Section 2A-303(4) unless, and then only to the extent that, enforcement actually results in a delegation of material performance of the lessor.\n\n382-A:9-408 Restrictions on Assignment of Promissory Notes, Health-Care-Insurance Receivables, and Certain General Intangibles Ineffective.\n\n(a) Term restricting assignment generally ineffective. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a term in a promissory note or in an agreement between an account debtor and a debtor which relates to a health-care-insurance receivable or a general intangible, including a contract, permit, license, or franchise, and which term prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor to, the assignment or transfer of, or creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in, the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible, is ineffective to the extent that the term:\n\n(1) would impair the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest; or\n\n(2) provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, or perfection of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible.\n\n(b) Applicability of subsection (a) to sales of certain rights to payment. Subsection (a) applies to a security interest in a payment intangible or promissory note only if the security interest arises out of a sale of the payment intangible or promissory note.\n\n(c) Legal restrictions on assignment generally ineffective. A rule of law, statute, or regulation that prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of a government, governmental body or official, person obligated on a promissory note, or account debtor to the assignment or transfer of, or creation of a security interest in, a promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible, including a contract, permit, license, or franchise between an account debtor and a debtor, is ineffective to the extent that the rule of law, statute, or regulation:\n\n(1) would impair the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest; or\n\n(2) provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, or perfection of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible.\n\n(d) Limitation on ineffectiveness under subsections (a) and (c). To the extent that a term in a promissory note or in an agreement between an account debtor and a debtor which relates to a health-care-insurance receivable or general intangible or a rule of law, statute, or regulation described in subsection (c) would be effective under law other than this article but is ineffective under subsection (a) or (c), the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible:\n\n(1) is not enforceable against the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor;\n\n(2) does not impose a duty or obligation on the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor;\n\n(3) does not require the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor to recognize the security interest, pay or render performance to the secured party, or accept payment or performance from the secured party;\n\n(4) does not entitle the secured party to use or assign the debtor's rights under the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible, including any related information or materials furnished to the debtor in the transaction giving rise to the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible;\n\n(5) does not entitle the secured party to use, assign, possess, or have access to any trade secrets or confidential information of the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor; and\n\n(6) does not entitle the secured party to enforce the security interest in the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible.\n\n(e) Section prevails over inconsistent law. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (f), this section prevails over any inconsistent provision of an existing or future statute, rule, or regulation of this State unless the provision is contained in a statute of this State, refers expressly to this section, and states that the provision prevails over this section.\n\n(f) Inapplicability. This section does not apply to an assignment or transfer of or creation of a security interest in:\n\n(1) a claim or right to receive compensation for injuries or sickness as described in 26 U.S.C. \u00a7104(a)(1) or (2), as amended from time to time; or\n\n(2) a claim or right to receive benefits under a special needs trust as described in 42 U.S.C. \u00a71396p(d)(4), as amended from time to time.\n\n382-A:9-409 Restrictions on Assignment of Letter-of-Credit Rights Ineffective.\n\n(a) Term or law restricting assignment generally ineffective. A term in a letter of credit or a rule of law, statute, regulation, custom, or practice applicable to the letter of credit which prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of an applicant, issuer, or nominated person to a beneficiary's assignment of or creation of a security interest in a letter-of-credit right is ineffective to the extent that the term or rule of law, statute, regulation, custom, or practice:\n\n(1) would impair the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the letter-of-credit right; or\n\n(2) provides that the assignment or the creation, attachment, or perfection of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the letter-of-credit right.\n\n(b) Limitation on ineffectiveness under subsection (a). To the extent that a term in a letter of credit is ineffective under subsection (a) but would be effective under law other than this article or a custom or practice applicable to the letter of credit, to the transfer of a right to draw or otherwise demand performance under the letter of credit, or to the assignment of a right to proceeds of the letter of credit, the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the letter-of-credit right:\n\n(1) is not enforceable against the applicant, issuer, nominated person, or transferee beneficiary;\n\n(2) imposes no duties or obligations on the applicant, issuer, nominated person, or transferee beneficiary; and\n\n(3) does not require the applicant, issuer, nominated person, or transferee beneficiary to recognize the security interest, pay or render performance to the secured party, or accept payment or other performance from the secured party.\n\nPart 5\n\nFiling\n\nSubpart 1. Filing Office; Contents and\n\nEffectiveness of Financing Statement\n\n382-A:9-501 Filing Office.\n\n(a) Filing offices. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), if the local law of this state governs perfection of a security interest or agricultural lien, the office in which to file a financing statement to perfect the security interest or agricultural lien is:\n\n(1) the office designated for the filing or recording of a record of a mortgage on the related real property, if:\n\n(A) the collateral is as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut; or\n\n(B) the financing statement is filed as a fixture filing and the collateral is goods that are or are to become fixtures; or\n\n(2) the office of the secretary of state, in all other cases, including a case in which the collateral is goods that are or are to become fixtures and the financing statement is not filed as a fixture filing.\n\n(b) Filing office for transmitting utilities. The office in which to file a financing statement to perfect a security interest in collateral, including fixtures, of a transmitting utility is the office of the secretary of state. The financing statement also constitutes a fixture filing as to the collateral indicated in the financing statement which is or is to become fixtures.\n\n382-A:9-502 Contents of Financing Statement; Record of Mortgage as Financing Statement; Time of Filing Financing Statement.\n\n(a) Sufficiency of financing statement. Subject to subsection (b), a financing statement is sufficient only if it:\n\n(1) provides the name of the debtor;\n\n(2) provides the name of the secured party or a representative of the secured party; and\n\n(3) indicates the collateral covered by the financing statement.\n\n(b) Real-property-related financing statements. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-501(b), to be sufficient, a financing statement that covers as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut, or which is filed as a fixture filing and covers goods that are or are to become fixtures, must satisfy subsection (a) and also:\n\n(1) indicate that it covers this type of collateral;\n\n(2) indicate that it is to be filed in the real property records;\n\n(3) provide a description of the real property to which the collateral is related sufficient to give constructive notice of a mortgage under the law of this State if the description were contained in a record of the mortgage of the real property; however, a reference to the municipality where the real property is located and to the book and page number of the deed by which the record owner acquired title to the real property shall be sufficient for such purpose; and\n\n(4) if the debtor does not have an interest of record in the real property, provide the name of a record owner.\n\n(c) Record of mortgage as financing statement. A record of a mortgage is effective, from the date of recording, as a financing statement filed as a fixture filing or as a financing statement covering as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut only if:\n\n(1) the record indicates the goods or accounts that it covers;\n\n(2) the goods are or are to become fixtures related to the real property described in the record or the collateral is related to the real property described in the record and is as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut;\n\n(3) the record satisfies the requirements for a financing statement in this section other than an indication that it is to be filed in the real property records; and\n\n(4) the record is duly recorded.\n\n(d) Filing before security agreement or attachment. A financing statement may be filed before a security agreement is made or a security interest otherwise attaches.\n\n382-A:9-503 Name of Debtor and Secured Party.\n\n(a) Sufficiency of debtor's name. A financing statement sufficiently provides the name of the debtor:\n\n(1) if the debtor is a registered organization, only if the financing statement provides the name of the debtor indicated on the public record of the debtor's jurisdiction of organization which shows the debtor to have been organized;\n\n(2) if the debtor is a decedent's estate, only if the financing statement provides the name of the decedent and indicates that the debtor is an estate;\n\n(3) if the debtor is a trust or a trustee acting with respect to property held in trust, only if the financing statement:\n\n(A) provides the name specified for the trust in its organic documents or, if no name is specified, provides the name of the settlor and additional information sufficient to distinguish the debtor from other trusts having one or more of the same settlors; and\n\n(B) indicates, in the debtor's name or otherwise, that the debtor is a trust or is a trustee acting with respect to property held in trust; and\n\n(4) in other cases:\n\n(A) if the debtor has a name, only if it provides the individual or organizational name of the debtor; and\n\n(B) if the debtor does not have a name, only if it provides the names of the partners, members, associates, or other persons comprising the debtor.\n\n(b) Additional debtor-related information. A financing statement that provides the name of the debtor in accordance with subsection (a) is not rendered ineffective by the absence of:\n\n(1) a trade name or other name of the debtor; or\n\n(2) unless required under subsection (a)(4)(B), names of partners, members, associates, or other persons comprising the debtor.\n\n(c) Debtor's trade name insufficient. A financing statement that provides only the debtor's trade name does not sufficiently provide the name of the debtor.\n\n(d) Representative capacity. Failure to indicate the representative capacity of a secured party or representative of a secured party does not affect the sufficiency of a financing statement.\n\n(e) Multiple debtors and secured parties. A financing statement may provide the name of more than one debtor and the name of more than one secured party.\n\n382-A:9-504 Indication of Collateral. A financing statement sufficiently indicates the collateral that it covers if the financing statement provides:\n\n(1) a description of the collateral pursuant to Section 9-108; or\n\n(2) an indication that the financing statement covers all assets or all personal property.\n\n382-A:9-505 Filing and Compliance With Other Statutes and Treaties for Consignments, Leases, Other Bailments, and Other Transactions.\n\n(a) Use of terms other than \"debtor\" and \"secured party.\" A consignor, lessor, or other bailor of goods, a licensor, or a buyer of a payment intangible or promissory note may file a financing statement, or may comply with a statute or treaty described in Section 9-311(a), using the terms \"consignor\", \"consignee\", \"lessor\", \"lessee\", \"bailor\", \"bailee\", \"licensor\", \"licensee\", \"owner\", \"registered owner\", \"buyer\", \"seller\", or words of similar import, instead of the terms \"secured party\" and \"debtor\".\n\n(b) Effect of financing statement under subsection (a). This part applies to the filing of a financing statement under subsection (a) and, as appropriate, to compliance that is equivalent to filing a financing statement under Section 9-311(b), but the filing or compliance is not of itself a factor in determining whether the collateral secures an obligation. If it is determined for another reason that the collateral secures an obligation, a security interest held by the consignor, lessor, bailor, licensor, owner, or buyer which attaches to the collateral is perfected by the filing or compliance.\n\n382-A:9-506 Effect of Errors or Omissions.\n\n(a) Minor errors and omissions. A financing statement substantially satisfying the requirements of this part is effective, even if it has minor errors or omissions, unless the errors or omissions make the financing statement seriously misleading.\n\n(b) Financing statement seriously misleading. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a financing statement that fails sufficiently to provide the name of the debtor in accordance with Section 9-503(a) is seriously misleading.\n\n(c) Financing statement not seriously misleading. If a search of the records of the filing office under the debtor's correct name, using the filing office's standard search logic, if any, would disclose a financing statement that fails sufficiently to provide the name of the debtor in accordance with Section 9-503(a), the name provided does not make the financing statement seriously misleading.\n\n(d) \"Debtor's correct name.\" For purposes of Section 9-508(b), the \"debtor's correct name\" in subsection (c) means the correct name of the new debtor.\n\n382-A:9-507 Effect of Certain Events on Effectiveness of Financing Statement.\n\n(a) Disposition. A filed financing statement remains effective with respect to collateral that is sold, exchanged, leased, licensed, or otherwise disposed of and in which a security interest or agricultural lien continues, even if the secured party knows of or consents to the disposition.\n\n(b) Information becoming seriously misleading. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) and Section 9-508, a financing statement is not rendered ineffective if, after the financing statement is filed, the information provided in the financing statement becomes seriously misleading under Section 9-506.\n\n(c) Change in debtor's name. If a debtor so changes its name that a filed financing statement becomes seriously misleading under Section 9-506:\n\n(1) the financing statement is effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the debtor before, or within four months after, the change; and\n\n(2) the financing statement is not effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the debtor more than four months after the change, unless an amendment to the financing statement which renders the financing statement not seriously misleading is filed within four months after the change.\n\n382-A:9-508 Effectiveness of Financing Statement if New Debtor Becomes Bound by Security Agreement.\n\n(a) Financing statement naming original debtor. Except as otherwise provided in this section, a filed financing statement naming an original debtor is effective to perfect a security interest in collateral in which a new debtor has or acquires rights to the extent that the financing statement would have been effective had the original debtor acquired rights in the collateral.\n\n(b) Financing statement becoming seriously misleading. If the difference between the name of the original debtor and that of the new debtor causes a filed financing statement that is effective under subsection (a) to be seriously misleading under Section 9-506:\n\n(1) the financing statement is effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the new debtor before, and within four months after, the new debtor becomes bound under Section 9-203(d); and\n\n(2) the financing statement is not effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the new debtor more than four months after the new debtor becomes bound under Section 9-203(d) unless an initial financing statement providing the name of the new debtor is filed before the expiration of that time.\n\n(c) When section not applicable. This section does not apply to collateral as to which a filed financing statement remains effective against the new debtor under Section 9-507(a).\n\n382-A:9-509 Persons Entitled to File a Record.\n\n(a) Person entitled to file record. A person may file an initial financing statement, amendment that adds collateral covered by a financing statement, or amendment that adds a debtor to a financing statement only if:\n\n(1) the debtor authorizes the filing in an authenticated record or pursuant to subsection (b) or (c); or\n\n(2) the person holds an agricultural lien that has become effective at the time of filing and the financing statement covers only collateral in which the person holds an agricultural lien.\n\n(b) Security agreement as authorization. By authenticating or becoming bound as debtor by a security agreement, a debtor or new debtor authorizes the filing of an initial financing statement, and an amendment, covering:\n\n(1) the collateral described in the security agreement; and\n\n(2) property that becomes collateral under Section 9-315(a)(2), whether or not the security agreement expressly covers proceeds.\n\n(c) Acquisition of collateral as authorization. By acquiring collateral in which a security interest or agricultural lien continues under Section 9-315(a)(1), a debtor authorizes the filing of an initial financing statement, and an amendment, covering the collateral and property that becomes collateral under Section 9-315(a)(2).\n\n(d) Person entitled to file certain amendments. A person may file an amendment other than an amendment that adds collateral covered by a financing statement or an amendment that adds a debtor to a financing statement only if:\n\n(1) the secured party of record authorizes the filing; or\n\n(2) the amendment is a termination statement for a financing statement as to which the secured party of record has failed to file or send a termination statement as required by Section 9-513(a) or (c), the debtor authorizes the filing, and the termination statement indicates that the debtor authorized it to be filed.\n\n(e) Multiple secured parties of record. If there is more than one secured party of record for a financing statement, each secured party of record may authorize the filing of an amendment under subsection (d).\n\n382-A:9-510 Effectiveness of Filed Record.\n\n(a) Filed record effective if authorized. A filed record is effective only to the extent that it was filed by a person that may file it under Section 9-509.\n\n(b) Authorization by one secured party of record. A record authorized by one secured party of record does not affect the financing statement with respect to another secured party of record.\n\n(c) Continuation statement not timely filed. A continuation statement that is not filed within the six-month period prescribed by Section 9-515(d) is ineffective.\n\n382-A:9-511 Secured Party of Record.\n\n(a) Secured party of record. A secured party of record with respect to a financing statement is a person whose name is provided as the name of the secured party or a representative of the secured party in an initial financing statement that has been filed. If an initial financing statement is filed under Section 9-514(a), the assignee named in the initial financing statement is the secured party of record with respect to the financing statement.\n\n(b) Amendment naming secured party of record. If an amendment of a financing statement which provides the name of a person as a secured party or a representative of a secured party is filed, the person named in the amendment is a secured party of record. If an amendment is filed under Section 9-514(b), the assignee named in the amendment is a secured party of record.\n\n(c) Amendment deleting secured party of record. A person remains a secured party of record until the filing of an amendment of the financing statement which deletes the person.\n\n382-A:9-512 Amendment of Financing Statement.\n\n(a) Amendment of information in financing statement. Subject to Section 9-509, a person may add or delete collateral covered by, continue or terminate the effectiveness of, or, subject to subsection (e), otherwise amend the information provided in, a financing statement by filing an amendment that:\n\n(1) identifies, by its file number, the initial financing statement to which the amendment relates; or\n\n(2) if the amendment relates to an initial financing statement filed in a filing office described in Section 9-501(a)(1), provides:\n\n(A) the book and page number of the initial financing statement, or if a book and page number has not yet been assigned to the initial financing statement, the instrument number of the initial financing statement and the date on which the initial financing statement was filed;\n\n(B) the information specified in Section 9-502(b)(4); and\n\n(C) the name of the debtor.\n\n(b) Period of effectiveness not affected. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-515, the filing of an amendment does not extend the period of effectiveness of the financing statement.\n\n(c) Effectiveness of amendment adding collateral. A financing statement that is amended by an amendment that adds collateral is effective as to the added collateral only from the date of the filing of the amendment.\n\n(d) Effectiveness of amendment adding debtor. A financing statement that is amended by an amendment that adds a debtor is effective as to the added debtor only from the date of the filing of the amendment.\n\n(e) Certain amendments ineffective. An amendment is ineffective to the extent it:\n\n(1) purports to delete all debtors and fails to provide the name of a debtor to be covered by the financing statement; or\n\n(2) purports to delete all secured parties of record and fails to provide the name of a new secured party of record.\n\n(f) Certain amendments not to be combined. An amendment that continues the effectiveness of a financing statement may not also contain an assignment by a secured party or an amendment of any other information in the financing statement. An amendment that contains an assignment by a secured party may not also contain an amendment of any other information in the financing statement except the description of collateral.\n\n382-A:9-513 Termination Statement.\n\n(a) Consumer goods. A secured party shall cause the secured party of record for a financing statement to file a termination statement for the financing statement if the financing statement covers consumer goods and:\n\n(1) there is no obligation secured by the collateral covered by the financing statement and no commitment to make an advance, incur an obligation, or otherwise give value; or\n\n(2) the debtor did not authorize the filing of the initial financing statement.\n\n(b) Time for compliance with subsection (a). To comply with subsection (a), a secured party shall cause the secured party of record to file the termination statement:\n\n(1) within one month after there is no obligation secured by the collateral covered by the financing statement and no commitment to make an advance, incur an obligation, or otherwise give value; or\n\n(2) if earlier, within 20 days after the secured party receives an authenticated demand from a debtor.\n\n(c) Other collateral. In cases not governed by subsection (a), within 20 days after a secured party receives an authenticated demand from a debtor, the secured party shall cause the secured party of record for a financing statement to send to the debtor a termination statement for the financing statement or file the termination statement in the filing office if:\n\n(1) except in the case of a financing statement covering accounts or chattel paper that has been sold or goods that are the subject of a consignment, there is no obligation secured by the collateral covered by the financing statement and no commitment to make an advance, incur an obligation, or otherwise give value;\n\n(2) the financing statement covers accounts or chattel paper that has been sold but as to which the account debtor or other person obligated has discharged its obligation;\n\n(3) the financing statement covers goods that were the subject of a consignment to the debtor but are not in the debtor's possession; or\n\n(4) the debtor did not authorize the filing of the initial financing statement.\n\n(d) Effect of filing termination statement. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-510, upon the filing of a termination statement with the filing office, the financing statement to which the termination statement relates ceases to be effective. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-510, for purposes of Sections 9-519(g), 9-522(a), and 9-523(c), the filing with the filing office of a termination statement relating to a financing statement that indicates that the debtor is a transmitting utility also causes the effectiveness of the financing statement to lapse.\n\n(e) Deemed receipt by secured party. A secured party shall be deemed to have received an authenticated demand from a debtor pursuant to subsection (b)(2) or subsection (c) if the demand is sent to the record address of the secured party of record by certified mail, return receipt requested, and is returned to the debtor as undeliverable. The date of the last attempted delivery shall be deemed to have been the date of receipt by the secured party.\n\n382-A:9-514 Assignment of Powers of Secured Party of Record.\n\n(a) Assignment reflected on initial financing statement. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), an initial financing statement may reflect an assignment of all of the secured party's power to authorize an amendment to the financing statement by providing the name and mailing address of the assignee as the name and address of the secured party.\n\n(b) Assignment of filed financing statement. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a secured party of record may assign of record all or part of its power to authorize an amendment to a financing statement by filing in the filing office an amendment of the financing statement which:\n\n(1) provides the information specified in Section 9-512(a);\n\n(2) provides the name of the assignor; and\n\n(3) provides the name and mailing address of the assignee.\n\n(c) Assignment of mortgage. An assignment of record of a security interest in a fixture covered by a record of a mortgage which is effective as a financing statement filed as a fixture filing under Section 9-502(c) may be made only by an assignment of record of the mortgage in the manner provided by law of this State other than this chapter.\n\n382-A:9-515 Duration and Effectiveness of Financing Statement; Effect of Lapsed Financing Statement.\n\n(a) Five-year effectiveness. Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b), (e), (f), and (g), a filed financing statement is effective for a period of 5 years after the date of filing.\n\n(b) Public-finance or manufactured-home transaction. Except as otherwise provided in subsections (e), (f), and (g), an initial financing statement filed in connection with a public-finance transaction or manufactured-home transaction is effective for a period of 30 years after the date of filing if it indicates that it is filed in connection with a public-finance transaction or manufactured-home transaction.\n\n(c) Lapse and continuation of financing statement. The effectiveness of a filed financing statement lapses on the expiration of the period of its effectiveness unless before the lapse a continuation statement is filed pursuant to subsection (d). Upon lapse, a financing statement ceases to be effective and any security interest or agricultural lien that was perfected by the financing statement becomes unperfected, unless the security interest is perfected otherwise. If the security interest or agricultural lien becomes unperfected upon lapse, it is deemed never to have been perfected as against a purchaser of the collateral for value.\n\n(d) When continuation statement may be filed. A continuation statement may be filed only within six months before the expiration of the five-year period specified in subsection (a) or the 30-year period specified in subsection (b), whichever is applicable.\n\n(e) Effect of filing continuation statement. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-510, upon timely filing of a continuation statement, the effectiveness of the initial financing statement continues for a period of five years commencing on the day on which the financing statement would have become ineffective in the absence of the filing. Upon the expiration of the five-year period, the financing statement lapses in the same manner as provided in subsection (c), unless, before the lapse, another continuation statement is filed pursuant to subsection (d). Succeeding continuation statements may be filed in the same manner to continue the effectiveness of the initial financing statement.\n\n(f) Transmitting utility financing statement. If a debtor is a transmitting utility and a filed financing statement so indicates, the financing statement is effective until a termination statement is filed.\n\n(g) Record of mortgage as financing statement. A record of a mortgage that is effective as a financing statement filed as a fixture filing under Section 9-502(c) remains effective as a financing statement filed as a fixture filing until the mortgage is released or satisfied of record or its effectiveness otherwise terminates as to the real property.\n\n382-A:9-516 What Constitutes Filing; Effectiveness of Filing.\n\n(a) What constitutes filing. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), communication of a record to a filing office and tender of the filing fee or acceptance of the record by the filing office constitutes filing.\n\n(b) Refusal to accept record; filing does not occur. Filing does not occur with respect to a record that a filing office refuses to accept because:\n\n(1) the record is not communicated by a method or medium of communication authorized by the filing office, or, in the case of a written record, does not comply with Section 9-521;\n\n(2) an amount equal to or greater than the applicable filing fee is not tendered;\n\n(3) the filing office is unable to index the record because:\n\n(A) in the case of an initial financing statement, the record does not provide a name for the debtor;\n\n(B) in the case of an amendment or correction statement, the record:\n\n(i) does not identify the initial financing statement as required by Section 9-512 or 9-518, as applicable; or\n\n(ii) identifies an initial financing statement whose effectiveness has lapsed under Section 9-515;\n\n(C) in the case of an initial financing statement that provides the name of a debtor identified as an individual or an amendment that provides a name of a debtor identified as an individual which was not previously provided in the financing statement to which the record relates, the record does not identify the debtor's last name; or\n\n(D) in the case of a record filed in a filing office described in Section 9-501(a)(1), the record does not provide, where required, a sufficient description of the real property to which it relates;\n\n(4) in the case of an initial financing statement or an amendment that adds a secured party of record, the record does not provide a name and mailing address for the secured party of record;\n\n(5) in the case of an initial financing statement or an amendment that provides a name of a debtor which was not previously provided in the financing statement to which the amendment relates, the record does not:\n\n(A) provide a mailing address for the debtor;\n\n(B) indicate whether the debtor is an individual or an organization; or\n\n(C) if the financing statement indicates that the debtor is an organization, provide:\n\n(i) a type of organization for the debtor;\n\n(ii) a jurisdiction of organization for the debtor; or\n\n(iii) an organizational identification number for the debtor or indicate that the debtor has none;\n\n(6) in the case of an assignment reflected in an initial financing statement under Section 9-514(a) or an amendment filed under Section 9-514(b), the record does not provide a name and mailing address for the assignee;\n\n(7) in the case of a continuation statement, the record is not filed within the six-month period prescribed by Section 9-515(d); or\n\n(8) the record does not comply with Section 9-512(f).\n\n(c) Rules applicable to subsection (b). For purposes of subsection (b):\n\n(1) a record does not provide information if the filing office is unable to read or decipher the information; and\n\n(2) a record that does not indicate that it is an amendment or identify an initial financing statement to which it relates, as required by Section 9-512, 9-514, or 9-518, is an initial financing statement.\n\n(d) Refusal to accept record; record effective as filed record. A record that is communicated to the filing office with tender of the filing fee, but which the filing office refuses to accept for a reason other than one set forth in subsection (b) , is effective as a filed record except as against a purchaser of the collateral which gives value in reasonable reliance upon the absence of the record from the files.\n\n382-A:9-517 Effect of Indexing Errors. The failure of the filing office to index a record correctly does not affect the effectiveness of the filed record.\n\n382-A:9-518 Claim Concerning Inaccurate or Wrongfully Filed Record.\n\n(a) Correction statement. A person may file in the filing office a correction statement with respect to a record indexed there under the person's name if the person believes that the record is inaccurate or was wrongfully filed.\n\n(b) Sufficiency of correction statement. A correction statement must:\n\n(1) identify the record to which it relates by:\n\n(A) the file number assigned to the initial financing statement to which the record relates; and\n\n(B) if the correction statement relates to a record filed in a filing office described in Section 9-501(a)(1):\n\n(i) the book and page number of the initial financing statement, or if a book and page number has not yet been assigned to the initial financing statement, the instrument number of the initial financing statement and the date on which the initial financing statement was filed;\n\n(ii) the information specified in Section 9-502(b)(4); and\n\n(iii) the name of the debtor;\n\n(2) indicate that it is a correction statement; and\n\n(3) provide the basis for the person's belief that the record is inaccurate and indicate the manner in which the person believes the record should be amended to cure any inaccuracy or provide the basis for the person's belief that the record was wrongfully filed.\n\n(c) Record not affected by correction statement. The filing of a correction statement does not affect the effectiveness of an initial financing statement or other filed record.\n\nSubpart 2. Duties and Operation of Filing Office\n\n382-A:9-519 Numbering, Maintaining, and Indexing Records; Communicating Information Provided in Records.\n\n(a) Filing office duties. For each record filed in a filing office, the filing office shall:\n\n(1) assign a unique number to the filed record;\n\n(2) create a record that bears the number assigned to the filed record and the date and time of filing;\n\n(3) maintain the filed record for public inspection; and\n\n(4) index the filed record in accordance with subsections (c), (d), and (e).\n\n(b) File number. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (i), a file number may include a digit that:\n\n(1) is mathematically derived from or related to the other digits of the file number; and\n\n(2) aids the filing office in determining whether a number communicated as the file number includes a single-digit or transpositional error.\n\n(c) Indexing: general. Except as otherwise provided in subsections (d) and (e), the filing office shall:\n\n(1) index an initial financing statement according to the name of the debtor and index all filed records relating to the initial financing statement in a manner that associates with one another an initial financing statement and all filed records relating to the initial financing statement; and\n\n(2) index a record that provides a name of a debtor which was not previously provided in the financing statement to which the record relates also according to the name that was not previously provided.\n\n(d) Indexing: real-property-related financing statement. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (j), if a financing statement is filed as a fixture filing or covers as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut, the filing office shall index it:\n\n(1) under the names of the debtor and of each owner of record shown on the financing statement as if they were the mortgagors under a mortgage of the real property described; and\n\n(2) to the extent that the law of this State provides for indexing of records of mortgages under the name of the mortgagee, under the name of the secured party as if the secured party were the mortgagee thereunder, or, if indexing is by description, as if the financing statement were a record of a mortgage of the real property described.\n\n(e) Indexing: real-property-related assignment. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (j), if a financing statement is filed as a fixture filing or covers as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut, the filing office shall also index an assignment filed under Section 9-514(a) or an amendment filed under Section 9-514(b):\n\n(1) under the name of the assignor as grantor; and\n\n(2) to the extent that the law of this State provides for indexing a record of the assignment of a mortgage under the name of the assignee, under the name of the assignee.\n\n(f) Retrieval and association capability. The filing office shall maintain a capability:\n\n(1) to retrieve a record by the name of the debtor and:\n\n(A) if the filing office is described in Section 9-501(a)(1), by the information specified in Section 9-502(b)(4); or\n\n(B) if the filing office is described in Section 9-501(a)(2), by the file number assigned to the initial financing statement to which the record relates; and\n\n(2) to associate and retrieve with one another an initial financing statement and each filed record relating to the initial financing statement.\n\n(g) Removal of debtor's name. The filing office may not remove a debtor's name from the index until one year after the effectiveness of a financing statement naming the debtor lapses under Section 9-515 with respect to all secured parties of record.\n\n(h) Timeliness of filing office performance. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (i), the filing office shall perform the acts required by subsections (a) through (e) at the time and in the manner prescribed by filing-office rule, but not later than three business days after the filing office receives the record in question.\n\n(i) Inapplicability to real-property-related filing office. Subsections (b) and (h) do not apply to a filing office described in Section 9-501(a)(1).\n\n(j) Inapplicability to transmitting-utility-related filing office. Subsections (d) and (e) do not apply to a filing office described in Section 9-501(b).\n\n382-A:9-520 Acceptance and Refusal to Accept Record.\n\n(a) Mandatory refusal to accept record. A filing office shall refuse to accept a record for filing for a reason set forth in Section 9-516(b) and may refuse to accept a record for filing only for a reason set forth in Section 9-516(b).\n\n(b) Communication concerning refusal. If a filing office refuses to accept a record for filing, it shall communicate to the person that presented the record the fact of and reason for the refusal and the date and time the record would have been filed had the filing office accepted it. The communication must be made at the time and in the manner prescribed by filing-office rule but, in the case of a filing office described in Section 9-501(a)(2), in no event more than three business days after the filing office receives the record.\n\n(c) When filed financing statement effective. A filed financing statement satisfying Section 9-502(a) and (b) is effective, even if the filing office is required to refuse to accept it for filing under subsection (a). However, Section 9-338 applies to a filed financing statement providing information described in Section 9-516(b)(5) which is incorrect at the time the financing statement is filed.\n\n(d) Separate application to multiple debtors. If a record communicated to a filing office provides information that relates to more than one debtor, this part applies as to each debtor separately.\n\n(e) Fees to be retained upon refusal. If a filing office refuses to accept a record for filing pursuant to subsection (a), the filing office may retain any fees submitted with the record under Section 9-525. In such event, any corrected resubmission of a record for filing must be accompanied by new fees in the amount required by Section 9-525.\n\n382-A:9-521 Form of Written Financing Statement, Amendment, Correction Statement.\n\n(a) Initial financing statement form. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a written initial financing statement must be in substantially the following form and format or other form and format authorized by the secretary of state:\n\n(b) Amendment form. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a written amendment to a financing statement must be in substantially the following form and format or other form and format authorized by the secretary of state:\n\n(c) Form of subsequent pages and correction statement. Any pages subsequent to the first page of a written initial financing statement or a written amendment to a financing statement that do not contain any new or changed information with regard to any debtor or secured party or any information specified in blocks numbered 17 or 18 of the UCC Financing Statement Addendum, and all pages of any written correction statement, need not be in the form and format set forth in subsection (a) or (b), but in such event must conform to any other formatting requirements established by statute or filing-office rule.\n\n382-A:9-522 Maintenance and Destruction of Records.\n\n(a) Post-lapse maintenance and retrieval of information. The filing office shall maintain a record of the information provided in a filed financing statement for at least one year after the effectiveness of the financing statement has lapsed under Section 9-515 with respect to all secured parties of record. The record must be retrievable by using the name of the debtor and:\n\n(1) if the record was filed or recorded in the filing office described in Section 9-501(a)(1), by using: the information specified in Section 9-502(b)(4); or\n\n(2) if the record was filed in the filing office described in Section 9-501(a)(2), by using the file number assigned to the initial financing statement to which the record relates.\n\n(b) Destruction of written records. Except to the extent that a statute governing disposition of public records provides otherwise, the filing office immediately may destroy any written record evidencing a financing statement. However, if the filing office destroys a written record, it shall maintain another record of the financing statement which complies with subsection (a).\n\n382-A:9-523 Information From Filing Office; Sale or License of Records.\n\n(a) Acknowledgment of filing written record. If a person that files a written record requests an acknowledgment of the filing, the filing office shall send to the person an image of the first two pages of the record showing the number assigned to the record pursuant to Section 9-519(a)(1) and the date and time of the filing of the record. However, if the person furnishes a copy of the record to the filing office, the filing office may instead:\n\n(1) note upon the copy the number assigned to the record pursuant to Section 9-519(a)(1) and the date and time of the filing of the record; and\n\n(2) send the copy to the person.\n\n(b) Acknowledgment of filing other record. If a person files a record other than a written record, the filing office shall communicate to the person an acknowledgment that provides:\n\n(1) the information in the record;\n\n(2) the number assigned to the record pursuant to Section 9-519(a)(1); and\n\n(3) the date and time of the filing of the record.\n\n(c) Communication of requested information. The filing office described in Section 9-501(a)(2) shall communicate or otherwise make available in a record the following information to any person that requests it in a medium and in a form prescribed by the secretary of state:\n\n(1) whether there is on file on a date and time specified by the filing office, but not a date earlier than three business days before the filing office receives the request (subject to Section 9-524), any financing statement that:\n\n(A) designates a particular debtor;\n\n(B) has not lapsed under Section 9-515 with respect to all secured parties of record; and\n\n(C) if the request so states, has lapsed under Section 9-515 and a record of which is maintained by the filing office under Section 9-522(a);\n\n(2) the date and time of filing of each financing statement;\n\n(3) if the request so states, the information provided in each financing statement; and\n\n(4) equivalent information in regard to records relating to other liens maintained by such office pursuant to other chapters, including but not limited to RSA 454-C.\n\n(d) Medium for communicating information. In complying with its duty under subsection (c), the filing office may communicate information in any medium. However, if requested, the filing office shall communicate information by issuing a record that can be admitted into evidence in the courts of this State without extrinsic evidence of its authenticity.\n\n(e) Timeliness of filing office performance. The filing office shall perform the acts required by subsections (a) through (d), as applicable, at the time and in the manner prescribed by filing-office rule.\n\n(f) Public availability of records. As soon as practicable, the office of the secretary of state shall offer to sell or license to the public at least weekly on a nonexclusive basis, in bulk, copies of all records filed in it under this part, in every medium currently in general use by the said office.\n\n(g) Remote electronic searches of secretary of state records by municipal clerks. The secretary of state may authorize municipal clerks who meet specified requirements to conduct a remote electronic search of the records maintained by the secretary of state pursuant to this part and RSA 454-C, upon the request of any person, and to respond to such request, in conformity with the provisions of subsection (c). No municipal clerk shall have any liability on account of any error in conducting any such search or in responding to any such request.\n\n(h) Remote electronic searches of secretary of state records by the public. The secretary of state may allow members of the public to conduct remote electronic searches of the records maintained by the secretary of state pursuant to this part and RSA 454-C, and in response to any such search request shall communicate the information specified in subsection (c).\n\n382-A:9-524 Delay by Filing Office. Delay by the filing office beyond a time limit prescribed by this part is excused if:\n\n(1) the delay is caused by interruption of communication or computer facilities, war, emergency conditions, failure of equipment, temporary insufficiency of assigned personnel, or other circumstances beyond control of the filing office; and\n\n(2) the filing office exercises reasonable diligence under the circumstances.\n\n382-A:9-525 Fees.\n\n(a) Initial financing statement or other record: general rule. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), the fee for filing and indexing a record under this part, other than an initial financing statement of the kind described in subsection (b), is the amount specified in subsection (c), if applicable, plus:\n\n(1) $48 if the record is communicated in writing and consists of not more than 2 pages; or\n\n(2) $83 if the record is communicated in writing and consists of more than 2 pages; or\n\n(3) $48 if the record is communicated by another medium authorized by filing-office rule.\n\n(b) Initial financing statement; public-finance and manufactured-home transactions and transmitting utilities. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), the fee for filing and indexing an initial financing statement is the amount specified in subsection (c), if applicable, plus $96 if the financing statement indicates that it is filed in connection with a public-finance transaction or a manufactured-home transaction, or that the debtor is a transmitting utility.\n\n(c) Number of names. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), if a record is communicated in writing, the fee for each name more than two required to be indexed is $40.\n\n(d) Response to information request. The fee for responding to a request for information from the filing office pursuant to Section 9-523(c) as to whether there is on file any financing statement naming a particular debtor, is $10, plus $1 per page for any copies of written records requested; provided that an additional fee of $5 shall be due for issuing upon request a record that can be admitted into evidence in the courts of this State without extrinsic evidence of its authenticity.\n\n(e) Real-property-related financing statements. This section does not apply to fees chargeable by a filing office described in Section 9-501(a)(1). Fees to be charged by such a filing office are set forth in RSA 478:17-g.\n\n(f) Remote electronic searches of secretary of state records by municipal clerks. Fees may be charged, collected and retained by municipal clerks for conducting remote electronic searches of the records maintained by the secretary of state on request, pursuant to Section 9-523(g). The fee for each debtor name searched shall be $10, plus $1 per page for copies of any written records requested.\n\n(g) Remote electronic searches of secretary of state records by the public. The secretary of state shall set reasonable fees, on a subscription basis or otherwise, for remote electronic searches conducted pursuant to Section 9-523(h).\n\n(h) Expedited and other services. The secretary of state shall set the fees for any expedited filing or searching services or other information services offered by the secretary of state, including without limitation fees for bulk sale or license of copies of records pursuant to Section 9-523(f); such fees shall be in addition to any filing or search fees due under any of the preceding subsections.\n\n(i) Allocation of fees. Fees collected under this section shall be allocated as follows:\n\n(1) $18 of each fee collected under subsection (a) or (b), to the general fund as unrestricted revenue;\n\n(2) $15 of each fee collected under subsection (a) or (b) for any filing associated with an initial financing statement that shows a mailing address in this state for the first-listed debtor, to the clerk of the town or city shown in such mailing address, provided such clerk is at the time of such filing in compliance with subsection (j); and\n\n(3) all remaining amounts collected under subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (g), or (h), for the purposes specified in Section 9-527(a).\n\n(j) Duties of city and town clerks. As a condition of being allocated a share of the filing fees collected by the secretary of state as provided in subsection (i)(2) or in Section 9-527(b), each city or town clerk shall, in accordance with regulations or guidelines issued by the secretary of state:\n\n(1) perform the duties prescribed in RSA 454-C in respect to the liens referred to therein, and upon request by the secretary of state from time to time certify to the secretary of state that all such duties have been properly performed; and\n\n(2) provide information and assistance to the public regarding filing and information request procedures applicable to the secretary of state's office.\n\n382-A:9-526 Filing-Office Rules.\n\n(a) Adoption of filing-office rules. The office of the secretary of state shall adopt and publish rules to implement this article. The filing-office rules must be consistent with this article, but shall not be subject to the provisions of RSA 541-A.\n\n(b) Harmonization of rules. To keep the filing-office rules and practices of the filing office in harmony with the rules and practices of filing offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this part, and to keep the technology used by the filing office compatible with the technology used by filing offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this part, the office of the secretary of state, so far as is consistent with the purposes, policies, and provisions of this article, in adopting, amending, and repealing filing-office rules, shall:\n\n(1) consult with filing offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this part; and\n\n(2) consult the most recent version of the Model Rules promulgated by the International Association of Corporate Administrators or any successor organization; and\n\n(3) take into consideration the rules and practices of, and the technology used by, filing offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this part.\n\n382-A:9-527 Disposition of Funds.\n\n(a) Administration. The state treasurer shall pay the expenses of administering, staffing, maintaining, and improving the services provided by the secretary of state under this chapter, RSA 439, RSA 454-C, RSA 478:17-g, and related laws out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated until the fees collected by the secretary of state pursuant to this chapter and such other chapters and related laws have been received, notwithstanding any other provision of law. Thereafter the state treasurer shall pay such expenses out of such fees and shall reimburse the treasury for previous expenses paid. The governor is authorized to draw his or her warrant for the sums authorized by this section out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated.\n\n(b) Disbursements to city and town clerks. The secretary of state shall instruct the state treasurer to disburse to individual New Hampshire city and town clerks amounts allocable to them pursuant to Section 9-525(i)(2). Such disbursements shall be made no less frequently than once in fiscal year 2002, semiannually in fiscal year 2003, and quarterly thereafter.\n\n(c) Discretionary payments. The secretary of state shall have the discretion to make periodic allocations of moneys from the funds referenced in subsection (a) to town or city clerks who are determined by the secretary of state to be receiving less than their fair share of fees under Section 9-525(i)(2) on account of a substantial number of resident debtors having mailing addresses in an adjacent town or city, and who are also in compliance with Section 9-525(j).\n\n382-A:9-528 Social Security Numbers Not to Be Filed or Disclosed. Where a record submitted for filing under this part contains the social security number of a debtor who is an individual, such number shall be expunged prior to filing. Where a filed record contains the social security number of such a debtor, the number shall not be included in any record made available or released to the public, including under Section 9-523(c), (f), (g), or (h). This section shall not apply to taxpayer identification numbers of debtors that are not individuals, to records filed pursuant to laws other than this chapter that reference this chapter, this article, or this part, or to records filed in a filing office described in Section 9-501(a)(1).\n\n382-A:9-529 Fraudulent Filing.\n\n(a) Fraudulent filing. A person may not intentionally or knowingly present for filing or cause to be presented for filing a financing statement if the person knows that:\n\n(1) the filing of the financing statement has not been authorized pursuant to Section 9-509 or 9-708, and the person does not have a good-faith expectation that proper authorization will be given in a pending transaction;\n\n(2) the financing statement contains a material false statement (including a false name or identification number); or\n\n(3) the financing statement is groundless.\n\n(b) Liability. A person who violates subsection (a) is liable to the owner of property covered by the financing statement or the secured party, as the case may be, for:\n\n(1) the greater of $5,000 or the person's actual damages;\n\n(2) court costs; and\n\n(3) reasonable attorney's fees.\n\n(c) Remedy. An owner of an interest in property covered by a fraudulent financing statement described in subsection (a) may, in addition to any other remedy provided by law, file suit in a court of suitable jurisdiction, requesting specific relief including, but not limited to, release or cancellation of such fraudulent financing statement. In the event the person who filed the fraudulent financing statement cannot be located or is a fictitious person, then the owner may serve the known or unknown defendant by certified mail to the address indicated on the financing statement.\n\nPart 6\n\nDefault\n\nSubpart 1. Default and Enforcement\n\nof Security Interest\n\n382-A:9-601 Rights After Default; Judicial Enforcement; Consignor or Buyer of Accounts, Chattel Paper, Payment Intangibles, or Promissory Notes.\n\n(a) Rights of secured party after default. After default, a secured party has the rights provided in this part and, except as otherwise provided in Section 9-602, those provided by agreement of the parties. A secured party:\n\n(1) may reduce a claim to judgment, foreclose, or otherwise enforce the claim, security interest, or agricultural lien by any available judicial procedure; and\n\n(2) if the collateral is documents, may proceed either as to the documents or as to the goods they cover.\n\n(b) Rights and duties of secured party in possession or control. A secured party in possession of collateral or control of collateral under Section 9-104, 9-105, 9-106, or 9-107 has the rights and duties provided in Section 9-207.\n\n(c) Rights cumulative; simultaneous exercise. The rights under subsections (a) and (b) are cumulative and may be exercised simultaneously.\n\n(d) Rights of debtor and obligor. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g) and Section 9-605, after default, a debtor and an obligor have the rights provided in this part and by agreement of the parties.\n\n(e) Lien of levy after judgment. If a secured party has reduced its claim to judgment, the lien of any levy that may be made upon the collateral by virtue of an execution based upon the judgment relates back to the earliest of:\n\n(1) the date of perfection of the security interest or agricultural lien in the collateral;\n\n(2) the date of filing a financing statement covering the collateral; or\n\n(3) any date specified in a statute under which the agricultural lien was created.\n\n(f) Execution sale. A sale pursuant to an execution is a foreclosure of the security interest or agricultural lien by judicial procedure within the meaning of this section. A secured party may purchase at the sale and thereafter hold the collateral free of any other requirements of this article.\n\n(g) Consignor or buyer of certain rights to payment. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-607(c), this part imposes no duties upon a secured party that is a consignor or is a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes.\n\n382-A:9-602 Waiver and Variance of Rights and Duties. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-624, to the extent that they give rights to a debtor or obligor and impose duties on a secured party, the debtor or obligor may not waive or vary the rules stated in the following listed sections:\n\n(1) Section 9-207(b)(4)(C), which deals with use and operation of the collateral by the secured party;\n\n(2) Section 9-210, which deals with requests for an accounting and requests concerning a list of collateral and statement of account;\n\n(3) Section 9-607(c), which deals with collection and enforcement of collateral;\n\n(4) Sections 9-608(a) and 9-615(c) to the extent that they deal with application or payment of noncash proceeds of collection, enforcement, or disposition;\n\n(5) Sections 9-608(a) and 9-615(d) to the extent that they require accounting for or payment of surplus proceeds of collateral;\n\n(6) Section 9-609 to the extent that it imposes upon a secured party that takes possession of collateral without judicial process the duty to do so without breach of the peace;\n\n(7) Sections 9-610(b), 9-611, 9-613, and 9-614, which deal with disposition of collateral;\n\n(8) Section 9-615(f), which deals with calculation of a deficiency or surplus when a disposition is made to the secured party, a person related to the secured party, or a secondary obligor;\n\n(9) Section 9-616, which deals with explanation of the calculation of a surplus or deficiency;\n\n(10) Sections 9-620, 9-621, and 9-622, which deal with acceptance of collateral in satisfaction of obligation;\n\n(11) Section 9-623, which deals with redemption of collateral;\n\n(12) Section 9-624, which deals with permissible waivers; and\n\n(13) Sections 9-625 and 9-626, which deal with the secured party's liability for failure to comply with this article.\n\n382-A:9-603 Agreement on Standards Concerning Rights and Duties.\n\n(a) Agreed standards. The parties may determine by agreement the standards measuring the fulfillment of the rights of a debtor or obligor and the duties of a secured party under a rule stated in Section 9-602 if the standards are not manifestly unreasonable.\n\n(b) Agreed standards inapplicable to breach of peace. Subsection (a) does not apply to the duty under Section 9-609 to refrain from breaching the peace.\n\n382-A:9-604 Procedure if Security Agreement Covers Real Property or Fixtures.\n\n(a) Enforcement: personal and real property. If a security agreement covers both personal and real property, a secured party may proceed:\n\n(1) under this part as to the personal property without prejudicing any rights with respect to the real property; or\n\n(2) as to both the personal property and the real property in accordance with the rights with respect to the real property, in which case the other provisions of this part do not apply.\n\n(b) Enforcement: fixtures. Subject to subsection (c), if a security agreement covers goods that are or become fixtures, a secured party may proceed:\n\n(1) under this part; or\n\n(2) in accordance with the rights with respect to real property, in which case the other provisions of this part do not apply.\n\n(c) Removal of fixtures. Subject to the other provisions of this part, if a secured party holding a security interest in fixtures has priority over all owners and encumbrancers of the real property, the secured party, after default, may remove the collateral from the real property.\n\n(d) Injury caused by removal. A secured party that removes collateral shall promptly reimburse any encumbrancer or owner of the real property, other than the debtor, for the cost of repair of any physical injury caused by the removal. The secured party need not reimburse the encumbrancer or owner for any diminution in value of the real property caused by the absence of the goods removed or by any necessity of replacing them. A person entitled to reimbursement may refuse permission to remove until the secured party gives adequate assurance for the performance of the obligation to reimburse.\n\n382-A:9-605 Unknown Debtor or Secondary Obligor. A secured party does not owe a duty based on its status as secured party:\n\n(1) to a person that is a debtor or obligor, unless the secured party knows:\n\n(A) that the person is a debtor or obligor;\n\n(B) the identity of the person; and\n\n(C) how to communicate with the person; or\n\n(2) to a secured party or lienholder that has filed a financing statement against a person, unless the secured party knows:\n\n(A) that the person is a debtor; and\n\n(B) the identity of the person.\n\n382-A:9-606 Time of Default for Agricultural Lien. For purposes of this part, a default occurs in connection with an agricultural lien at the time the secured party becomes entitled to enforce the lien in accordance with the statute under which it was created.\n\n382-A:9-607 Collection and Enforcement by Secured Party.\n\n(a) Collection and enforcement generally. If so agreed, and in any event after default, a secured party:\n\n(1) may notify an account debtor or other person obligated on collateral to make payment or otherwise render performance to or for the benefit of the secured party;\n\n(2) may take any proceeds to which the secured party is entitled under Section 9-315;\n\n(3) may enforce the obligations of an account debtor or other person obligated on collateral and exercise the rights of the debtor with respect to the obligation of the account debtor or other person obligated on collateral to make payment or otherwise render performance to the debtor, and with respect to any property that secures the obligations of the account debtor or other person obligated on the collateral;\n\n(4) if it holds a security interest in a deposit account perfected by control under Section 9-104(a)(1), may apply the balance of the deposit account to the obligation secured by the deposit account; and\n\n(5) if it holds a security interest in a deposit account perfected by control under Section 9-104(a)(2) or (3), may instruct the bank to pay the balance of the deposit account to or for the benefit of the secured party.\n\n(b) Nonjudicial enforcement of mortgage. If necessary to enable a secured party to exercise under subsection (a)(3) the right of a debtor to enforce a mortgage nonjudicially, the secured party may record in the office in which a record of the mortgage is recorded:\n\n(1) a copy of the security agreement that creates or provides for a security interest in the obligation secured by the mortgage; and\n\n(2) the secured party's sworn affidavit in recordable form stating that:\n\n(A) a default has occurred; and\n\n(B) the secured party is entitled to enforce the mortgage nonjudicially.\n\n(c) Commercially reasonable collection and enforcement. A secured party shall proceed in a commercially reasonable manner if the secured party:\n\n(1) undertakes to collect from or enforce an obligation of an account debtor or other person obligated on collateral; and\n\n(2) is entitled to charge back uncollected collateral or otherwise to full or limited recourse against the debtor or a secondary obligor.\n\n(d) Expenses of collection and enforcement. A secured party may deduct from the collections made pursuant to subsection (c) reasonable expenses of collection and enforcement, including reasonable attorney's fees and legal expenses incurred by the secured party.\n\n(e) Duties to secured party not affected. This section does not determine whether an account debtor, bank, or other person obligated on collateral owes a duty to a secured party.\n\n382-A:9-608 Application of Proceeds of Collection or Enforcement; Liability for Deficiency and Right to Surplus.\n\n(a) Application of proceeds, surplus, and deficiency if obligation secured. If a security interest or agricultural lien secures payment or performance of an obligation, the following rules apply:\n\n(1) A secured party shall apply or pay over for application the cash proceeds of collection or enforcement under Section 9-607 in the following order to:\n\n(A) the reasonable expenses of collection and enforcement and, to the extent provided for by agreement and not prohibited by law, reasonable attorney's fees and legal expenses incurred by the secured party;\n\n(B) the satisfaction of obligations secured by the security interest or agricultural lien under which the collection or enforcement is made; and\n\n(C) the satisfaction of obligations secured by any subordinate security interest in or other lien on the collateral subject to the security interest or agricultural lien under which the collection or enforcement is made if the secured party receives an authenticated demand for proceeds before distribution of the proceeds is completed.\n\n(2) If requested by a secured party, a holder of a subordinate security interest or other lien shall furnish reasonable proof of the interest or lien within a reasonable time. Unless the holder complies, the secured party need not comply with the holder's demand under paragraph (1)(C).\n\n(3) A secured party need not apply or pay over for application noncash proceeds of collection and enforcement under Section 9-607 unless the failure to do so would be commercially unreasonable. A secured party that applies or pays over for application noncash proceeds shall do so in a commercially reasonable manner.\n\n(4) A secured party shall account to and pay a debtor for any surplus, and the obligor is liable for any deficiency.\n\n(b) No surplus or deficiency in sales of certain rights to payment. If the underlying transaction is a sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes, the debtor is not entitled to any surplus, and the obligor is not liable for any deficiency.\n\n382-A:9-609 Secured Party's Right to Take Possession After Default.\n\n(a) Possession; rendering equipment unusable; disposition on debtor's premises. After default, a secured party:\n\n(1) may take possession of the collateral; and\n\n(2) without removal, may render equipment unusable and dispose of collateral on a debtor's premises under Section 9-610.\n\n(b) Judicial and nonjudicial process. A secured party may proceed under subsection (a):\n\n(1) pursuant to judicial process; or\n\n(2) without judicial process, if it proceeds without breach of the peace.\n\n(c) Assembly of collateral. If so agreed, and in any event after default, a secured party may require the debtor to assemble the collateral and make it available to the secured party at a place to be designated by the secured party which is reasonably convenient to both parties.\n\n382-A:9-610 Disposition of Collateral After Default.\n\n(a) Disposition after default. After default, a secured party may sell, lease, license, or otherwise dispose of any or all of the collateral in its present condition or following any commercially reasonable preparation or processing.\n\n(b) Commercially reasonable disposition. Every aspect of a disposition of collateral, including the method, manner, time, place, and other terms, must be commercially reasonable. If commercially reasonable, a secured party may dispose of collateral by public or private proceedings, by one or more contracts, as a unit or in parcels, and at any time and place and on any terms.\n\n(c) Purchase by secured party. A secured party may purchase collateral:\n\n(1) at a public disposition; or\n\n(2) at a private disposition only if the collateral is of a kind that is customarily sold on a recognized market or the subject of widely distributed standard price quotations.\n\n(d) Warranties on disposition. A contract for sale, lease, license, or other disposition includes the warranties relating to title, possession, quiet enjoyment, and the like which by operation of law accompany a voluntary disposition of property of the kind subject to the contract.\n\n(e) Disclaimer of warranties. A secured party may disclaim or modify warranties under subsection (d):\n\n(1) in a manner that would be effective to disclaim or modify the warranties in a voluntary disposition of property of the kind subject to the contract of disposition; or\n\n(2) by communicating to the purchaser a record evidencing the contract for disposition and including an express disclaimer or modification of the warranties.\n\n(f) Record sufficient to disclaim warranties. A record is sufficient to disclaim warranties under subsection (e) if it indicates \"There is no warranty relating to title, possession, quiet enjoyment, or the like in this disposition\" or uses words of similar import.\n\n382-A:9-611 Notification Before Disposition of Collateral.\n\n(a) \"Notification date.\" In this section, \"notification date\" means the earlier of the date on which:\n\n(1) a secured party sends to the debtor and any secondary obligor an authenticated notification of disposition; or\n\n(2) the debtor and any secondary obligor waive the right to notification.\n\n(b) Notification of disposition required. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), a secured party that disposes of collateral under Section 9-610 shall send to the persons specified in subsection (c) a reasonable authenticated notification of disposition.\n\n(c) Persons to be notified. To comply with subsection (b), the secured party shall send an authenticated notification of disposition to:\n\n(1) the debtor;\n\n(2) any secondary obligor; and\n\n(3) if the collateral is other than consumer goods:\n\n(A) any other person from which the secured party has received, before the notification date, an authenticated notification of a claim of an interest in the collateral;\n\n(B) any other secured party or lienholder that, 10 days before the notification date, held a security interest in or other lien on the collateral perfected by the filing of a financing statement that:\n\n(i) identified the collateral;\n\n(ii) was indexed under the debtor's name as of that date; and\n\n(iii) was filed in the office in which to file a financing statement against the debtor covering the collateral as of that date; and\n\n(C) any other secured party that, 10 days before the notification date, held a security interest in the collateral perfected by compliance with a statute, regulation, or treaty described in Section 9-311(a).\n\n(d) Subsection (b) inapplicable: perishable collateral; recognized market. Subsection (b) does not apply if the collateral is perishable or threatens to decline speedily in value or is of a type customarily sold on a recognized market.\n\n(e) Compliance with subsection (c)(3)(B). A secured party complies with the requirement for notification prescribed by subsection (c)(3)(B) if:\n\n(1) not later than 20 days or earlier than 30 days before the notification date, the secured party requests, in a commercially reasonable manner, information concerning financing statements indexed under the debtor's name in the office indicated in subsection (c)(3)(B); and\n\n(2) before the notification date, the secured party:\n\n(A) did not receive a response to the request for information; or\n\n(B) received a response to the request for information and sent an authenticated notification of disposition to each secured party or other lienholder named in that response whose financing statement covered the collateral.\n\n382-A:9-612 Timeliness of Notification Before Disposition of Collateral.\n\n(a) Reasonable time is question of fact. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), whether a notification is sent within a reasonable time is a question of fact.\n\n(b) 10-day period sufficient in non-consumer transaction. In a transaction other than a consumer transaction, a notification of disposition sent after default and 10 days or more before the earliest time of disposition set forth in the notification is sent within a reasonable time before the disposition.\n\n382-A:9-613 Contents and Form of Notification Before Disposition of Collateral: General. Except in a consumer-goods transaction, the following rules apply:\n\n(1) The contents of a notification of disposition are sufficient if the notification:\n\n(A) describes the debtor and the secured party;\n\n(B) describes the collateral that is the subject of the intended disposition;\n\n(C) states the method of intended disposition;\n\n(D) states that the debtor is entitled to an accounting of the unpaid indebtedness and states the charge, if any, for an accounting; and\n\n(E) states the time and place of a public disposition or the time after which any other disposition is to be made.\n\n(2) Whether the contents of a notification that lacks any of the information specified in paragraph (1) are nevertheless sufficient is a question of fact.\n\n(3) The contents of a notification providing substantially the information specified in paragraph (1) are sufficient, even if the notification includes:\n\n(A) information not specified by that paragraph; or\n\n(B) minor errors that are not seriously misleading.\n\n(4) A particular phrasing of the notification is not required.\n\n(5) The following form of notification and the form appearing in Section 9-614(3), when completed, each provides sufficient information:\n\nNOTIFICATION OF DISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL\n\nTo: [ Name of debtor, obligor, or other person to whom the notification is sent]\n\nFrom: [ Name, address and telephone number of secured party]\n\nName of Debtor(s): [ Include only if debtor(s) is not an addressee]\n\n[ For a public disposition:]\n\nWe will sell [or lease or license, as applicable] the [ describe collateral] [to the highest qualified bidder] in public as follows:\n\nDay and Date:\n\nTime:\n\nPlace:\n\n[ For a private disposition:]\n\nWe will sell [or lease or license, as applicable] the [ describe collateral] privately sometime after [ day and date] .\n\nYou are entitled to an accounting of the unpaid indebtedness secured by the property that we intend to sell [or lease or license, as applicable] [for a charge of $ ]. You may request an accounting by calling us at [ telephone number ] .\n\n[End of Form]\n\n382-A:9-614 Contents and Form of Notification Before Disposition of Collateral: Consumer-Goods Transaction. In a consumer-goods transaction, the following rules apply:\n\n(1) A notification of disposition must provide the following information:\n\n(A) the information specified in Section 9-613(1);\n\n(B) a description of any liability for a deficiency of the person to which the notification is sent;\n\n(C) a telephone number from which the amount that must be paid to the secured party to redeem the collateral under Section 9-623 is available; and\n\n(D) a telephone number or mailing address from which additional information concerning the disposition and the obligation secured is available.\n\n(2) A particular phrasing of the notification is not required.\n\n(3) The following form of notification, when completed, provides sufficient information:\n\n[ Name and address of secured party]\n\n[ Date]\n\nNOTICE OF OUR PLAN TO SELL PROPERTY\n\n[ Name and address of any obligor who is also a debtor]\n\nSubject: [ Identification of Transaction]\n\nWe have your [ describe collateral ] , because you broke promises in our agreement.\n\n[ For a public disposition:]\n\nWe will sell [ describe collateral ] at public sale. A sale could include a lease or license. The sale will be held as follows:\n\nDate:\n\nTime:\n\nPlace:\n\nYou may attend the sale and bring bidders if you want.\n\n[ For a private disposition:]\n\nWe will sell [ describe collateral ] at private sale sometime after [ date ] . A sale could include a lease or license.\n\nThe money that we get from the sale (after paying our costs) will reduce the amount you owe. If we get less money than you owe, you [ will or will not, as applicable ] still owe us the difference. If we get more money than you owe, you will get the extra money, unless we must pay it to someone else.\n\nYou can get the property back at any time before we sell it by paying us the full amount you owe (not just the past due payments), including our expenses. To learn the exact amount you must pay, call us at [ telephone number ] .\n\nIf you want us to explain to you in writing how we have figured the amount that you owe us, you may call us at [ telephone number ] [or write us at secured party's address ] and request a written explanation. [ We will charge you $ for the explanation if we sent you another written explanation of the amount you owe us within the last six months.]\n\nIf you need more information about the sale call us at [ telephone number ] [or write us at [ secured party's address ] ].\n\nWe are sending this notice to the following other people who have an interest in [ describe collateral ] or who owe money under your agreement:\n\n[ Names of all other debtors and obligors, if any ]\n\n[End of Form]\n\n(4) A notification in the form of paragraph (3) is sufficient, even if additional information appears at the end of the form.\n\n(5) A notification in the form of paragraph (3) is sufficient, even if it includes errors in information not required by paragraph (1), unless the error is misleading with respect to rights arising under this article.\n\n(6) If a notification under this section is not in the form of paragraph (3), law other than this article determines the effect of including information not required by paragraph (1).\n\n382-A:9-615 Application of Proceeds of Disposition; Liability for Deficiency and Right to Surplus.\n\n(a) Application of proceeds. A secured party shall apply or pay over for application the cash proceeds of disposition under Section 9-610 in the following order to:\n\n(1) the reasonable expenses of retaking, holding, preparing for disposition, processing, and disposing, and, to the extent provided for by agreement and not prohibited by law, reasonable attorney's fees and legal expenses incurred by the secured party;\n\n(2) the satisfaction of obligations secured by the security interest or agricultural lien under which the disposition is made;\n\n(3) the satisfaction of obligations secured by any subordinate security interest in or other subordinate lien on the collateral if:\n\n(A) the secured party receives from the holder of the subordinate security interest or other lien an authenticated demand for proceeds before distribution of the proceeds is completed; and\n\n(B) in a case in which a consignor has an interest in the collateral, the subordinate security interest or other lien is senior to the interest of the consignor; and\n\n(4) a secured party that is a consignor of the collateral if the secured party receives from the consignor an authenticated demand for proceeds before distribution of the proceeds is completed.\n\n(b) Proof of subordinate interest. If requested by a secured party, a holder of a subordinate security interest or other lien shall furnish reasonable proof of the interest or lien within a reasonable time. Unless the holder does so, the secured party need not comply with the holder's demand under subsection (a)(3).\n\n(c) Application of noncash proceeds. A secured party need not apply or pay over for application noncash proceeds of disposition under Section 9-610 unless the failure to do so would be commercially unreasonable. A secured party that applies or pays over for application noncash proceeds shall do so in a commercially reasonable manner.\n\n(d) Surplus or deficiency if obligation secured. If the security interest under which a disposition is made secures payment or performance of an obligation, after making the payments and applications required by subsection (a) and permitted by subsection (c):\n\n(1) unless subsection (a)(4) requires the secured party to apply or pay over cash proceeds to a consignor, the secured party shall account to and pay a debtor for any surplus; and\n\n(2) the obligor is liable for any deficiency.\n\n(e) No surplus or deficiency in sales of certain rights to payment. If the underlying transaction is a sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes:\n\n(1) the debtor is not entitled to any surplus; and\n\n(2) the obligor is not liable for any deficiency.\n\n(f) Calculation of surplus or deficiency in disposition to person related to secured party. The surplus or deficiency following a disposition is calculated based on the amount of proceeds that would have been realized in a disposition complying with this part to a transferee other than the secured party, a person related to the secured party, or a secondary obligor if:\n\n(1) the transferee in the disposition is the secured party, a person related to the secured party, or a secondary obligor; and\n\n(2) the amount of proceeds of the disposition is significantly below the range of proceeds that a complying disposition to a person other than the secured party, a person related to the secured party, or a secondary obligor would have brought.\n\n(g) Cash proceeds received by junior secured party. A secured party that receives cash proceeds of a disposition in good faith and without knowledge that the receipt violates the rights of the holder of a security interest or other lien that is not subordinate to the security interest or agricultural lien under which the disposition is made:\n\n(1) takes the cash proceeds free of the security interest or other lien;\n\n(2) is not obligated to apply the proceeds of the disposition to the satisfaction of obligations secured by the security interest or other lien; and\n\n(3) is not obligated to account to or pay the holder of the security interest or other lien for any surplus.\n\n382-A:9-616 Explanation of Calculation of Surplus or Deficiency.\n\n(a) Definitions. In this section:\n\n(1) \"Explanation\" means a writing that:\n\n(A) states the amount of the surplus or deficiency;\n\n(B) provides an explanation in accordance with subsection (c) of how the secured party calculated the surplus or deficiency;\n\n(C) states, if applicable, that future debits, credits, charges, including additional credit service charges or interest, rebates, and expenses may affect the amount of the surplus or deficiency; and\n\n(D) provides a telephone number or mailing address from which additional information concerning the transaction is available.\n\n(2) \"Request\" means a record:\n\n(A) authenticated by a debtor or consumer obligor;\n\n(B) requesting that the recipient provide an explanation; and\n\n(C) sent after disposition of the collateral under Section 9-610.\n\n(b) Explanation of calculation. In a consumer-goods transaction in which the debtor is entitled to a surplus or a consumer obligor is liable for a deficiency under Section 9-615, the secured party shall:\n\n(1) send an explanation to the debtor or consumer obligor, as applicable, after the disposition and:\n\n(A) before or when the secured party accounts to the debtor and pays any surplus or first makes written demand on the consumer obligor after the disposition for payment of the deficiency; and\n\n(B) within 14 days after receipt of a request; or\n\n(2) in the case of a consumer obligor who is liable for a deficiency, within 14 days after receipt of a request, send to the consumer obligor a record waiving the secured party's right to a deficiency.\n\n(c) Required information. To comply with subsection (a)(1)(B), a writing must provide the following information in the following order:\n\n(1) the aggregate amount of obligations secured by the security interest under which the disposition was made, and, if the amount reflects a rebate of unearned interest or credit service charge, an indication of that fact, calculated as of a specified date:\n\n(A) if the secured party takes or receives possession of the collateral after default, not more than 35 days before the secured party takes or receives possession; or\n\n(B) if the secured party takes or receives possession of the collateral before default or does not take possession of the collateral, not more than 35 days before the disposition;\n\n(2) the amount of proceeds of the disposition;\n\n(3) the aggregate amount of the obligations after deducting the amount of proceeds;\n\n(4) the amount, in the aggregate or by type, and types of expenses, including expenses of retaking, holding, preparing for disposition, processing, and disposing of the collateral, and attorney's fees secured by the collateral which are known to the secured party and relate to the current disposition;\n\n(5) the amount, in the aggregate or by type, and types of credits, including rebates of interest or credit service charges, to which the obligor is known to be entitled and which are not reflected in the amount in paragraph (1); and\n\n(6) the amount of the surplus or deficiency.\n\n(d) Substantial compliance. A particular phrasing of the explanation is not required. An explanation complying substantially with the requirements of subsection (a) is sufficient, even if it includes minor errors that are not seriously misleading.\n\n(e) Charges for responses. A debtor or consumer obligor is entitled without charge to one response to a request under this section during any six-month period in which the secured party did not send to the debtor or consumer obligor an explanation pursuant to subsection (b)(1). The secured party may require payment of a charge not exceeding $25 for each additional response.\n\n382-A:9-617 Rights of Transferee of Collateral.\n\n(a) Effects of disposition. A secured party's disposition of collateral after default:\n\n(1) transfers to a transferee for value all of the debtor's rights in the collateral;\n\n(2) discharges the security interest under which the disposition is made; and\n\n(3) discharges any subordinate security interest or other subordinate lien.\n\n(b) Rights of good-faith transferee. A transferee that acts in good faith takes free of the rights and interests described in subsection (a), even if the secured party fails to comply with this article or the requirements of any judicial proceeding.\n\n(c) Rights of other transferee. If a transferee does not take free of the rights and interests described in subsection (a), the transferee takes the collateral subject to:\n\n(1) the debtor's rights in the collateral;\n\n(2) the security interest or agricultural lien under which the disposition is made; and\n\n(3) any other security interest or other lien.\n\n382-A:9-618 Rights and Duties of Certain Secondary Obligors.\n\n(a) Rights and duties of secondary obligor. A secondary obligor acquires the rights and becomes obligated to perform the duties of the secured party after the secondary obligor:\n\n(1) receives an assignment of a secured obligation from the secured party;\n\n(2) receives a transfer of collateral from the secured party and agrees to accept the rights and assume the duties of the secured party; or\n\n(3) is subrogated to the rights of a secured party with respect to collateral.\n\n(b) Effect of assignment, transfer, or subrogation. An assignment, transfer, or subrogation described in subsection (a):\n\n(1) is not a disposition of collateral under Section 9-610; and\n\n(2) relieves the secured party of further duties under this article.\n\n382-A:9-619 Transfer of Record or Legal Title.\n\n(a) \"Transfer statement.\" In this section, \"transfer statement\" means a record authenticated by a secured party stating:\n\n(1) that the debtor has defaulted in connection with an obligation secured by specified collateral;\n\n(2) that the secured party has exercised its post-default remedies with respect to the collateral;\n\n(3) that, by reason of the exercise, a transferee has acquired the rights of the debtor in the collateral; and\n\n(4) the name and mailing address of the secured party, debtor, and transferee.\n\n(b) Effect of transfer statement. A transfer statement entitles the transferee to the transfer of record of all rights of the debtor in the collateral specified in the statement in any official filing, recording, registration, or certificate-of-title system covering the collateral. If a transfer statement is presented with the applicable fee and request form to the official or office responsible for maintaining the system, the official or office shall:\n\n(1) accept the transfer statement;\n\n(2) promptly amend its records to reflect the transfer; and\n\n(3) if applicable, issue a new appropriate certificate of title in the name of the transferee.\n\n(c) Transfer not a disposition; no relief of secured party's duties. A transfer of the record or legal title to collateral to a secured party under subsection (b) or otherwise is not of itself a disposition of collateral under this article and does not of itself relieve the secured party of its duties under this article.\n\n382-A:9-620 Acceptance of Collateral in Full or Partial Satisfaction of Obligation; Compulsory Disposition of Collateral.\n\n(a) Conditions to acceptance in satisfaction. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a secured party may accept collateral in full or partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures only if:\n\n(1) the debtor consents to the acceptance under subsection (c);\n\n(2) the secured party does not receive, within the time set forth in subsection (d), a notification of objection to the proposal authenticated by:\n\n(A) a person to which the secured party was required to send a proposal under Section 9-621; or\n\n(B) any other person, other than the debtor, holding an interest in the collateral subordinate to the security interest that is the subject of the proposal;\n\n(3) if the collateral is consumer goods, the collateral is not in the possession of the debtor when the debtor consents to the acceptance; and\n\n(4) subsection (e) does not require the secured party to dispose of the collateral or the debtor waives the requirement pursuant to Section 9-624.\n\n(b) Purported acceptance ineffective. A purported or apparent acceptance of collateral under this section is ineffective unless:\n\n(1) the secured party consents to the acceptance in an authenticated record or sends a proposal to the debtor; and\n\n(2) the conditions of subsection (a) are met.\n\n(c) Debtor's consent. For purposes of this section:\n\n(1) a debtor consents to an acceptance of collateral in partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures only if the debtor agrees to the terms of the acceptance in a record authenticated after default; and\n\n(2) a debtor consents to an acceptance of collateral in full satisfaction of the obligation it secures only if the debtor agrees to the terms of the acceptance in a record authenticated after default or the secured party:\n\n(A) sends to the debtor after default a proposal that is unconditional or subject only to a condition that collateral not in the possession of the secured party be preserved or maintained;\n\n(B) in the proposal, proposes to accept collateral in full satisfaction of the obligation it secures; and\n\n(C) does not receive a notification of objection authenticated by the debtor within 20 days after the proposal is sent.\n\n(d) Effectiveness of notification. To be effective under subsection (a)(2), a notification of objection must be received by the secured party:\n\n(1) in the case of a person to which the proposal was sent pursuant to Section 9-621, within 20 days after notification was sent to that person; and\n\n(2) in other cases:\n\n(A) within 20 days after the last notification was sent pursuant to Section 9-621; or\n\n(B) if a notification was not sent, before the debtor consents to the acceptance under subsection (c).\n\n(e) Mandatory disposition of consumer goods. A secured party that has taken possession of collateral shall dispose of the collateral pursuant to Section 9-610 within the time specified in subsection (f) if:\n\n(1) 60 percent of the cash price has been paid in the case of a purchase-money security interest in consumer goods; or\n\n(2) 60 percent of the principal amount of the obligation secured has been paid in the case of a non-purchase-money security interest in consumer goods.\n\n(f) Compliance with mandatory disposition requirement. To comply with subsection (e), the secured party shall dispose of the collateral:\n\n(1) within 90 days after taking possession; or\n\n(2) within any longer period to which the debtor and all secondary obligors have agreed in an agreement to that effect entered into and authenticated after default.\n\n(g) No partial satisfaction in consumer transaction. In a consumer transaction, a secured party may not accept collateral in partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures.\n\n382-A:9-621 Notification of Proposal to Accept Collateral.\n\n(a) Persons to which proposal to be sent. A secured party that desires to accept collateral in full or partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures shall send its proposal to:\n\n(1) any person from which the secured party has received, before the debtor consented to the acceptance, an authenticated notification of a claim of an interest in the collateral;\n\n(2) any other secured party or lienholder that, 10 days before the debtor consented to the acceptance, held a security interest in or other lien on the collateral perfected by the filing of a financing statement that:\n\n(A) identified the collateral;\n\n(B) was indexed under the debtor's name as of that date; and\n\n(C) was filed in the office or offices in which to file a financing statement against the debtor covering the collateral as of that date; and\n\n(3) any other secured party that, 10 days before the debtor consented to the acceptance, held a security interest in the collateral perfected by compliance with a statute, regulation, or treaty described in Section 9-311(a).\n\n(b) Proposal to be sent to secondary obligor in partial satisfaction. A secured party that desires to accept collateral in partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures shall send its proposal to any secondary obligor in addition to the persons described in subsection (a).\n\n382-A:9-622 Effect of Acceptance of Collateral.\n\n(a) Effect of acceptance. A secured party's acceptance of collateral in full or partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures:\n\n(1) discharges the obligation to the extent consented to by the debtor;\n\n(2) transfers to the secured party all of a debtor's rights in the collateral;\n\n(3) discharges the security interest or agricultural lien that is the subject of the debtor's consent and any subordinate security interest or other subordinate lien; and\n\n(4) terminates any other subordinate interest.\n\n(b) Discharge of subordinate interest notwithstanding noncompliance. A subordinate interest is discharged or terminated under subsection (a), even if the secured party fails to comply with this article.\n\n382-A:9-623 Right to Redeem Collateral.\n\n(a) Persons that may redeem. A debtor, any secondary obligor, or any other secured party or lienholder may redeem collateral.\n\n(b) Requirements for redemption. To redeem collateral, a person shall tender:\n\n(1) fulfillment of all obligations secured by the collateral; and\n\n(2) the reasonable expenses and attorney's fees described in Section 9-615(a)(1).\n\n(c) When redemption may occur. A redemption may occur at any time before a secured party:\n\n(1) has collected collateral under Section 9-607;\n\n(2) has disposed of collateral or entered into a contract for its disposition under Section 9-610; or\n\n(3) has accepted collateral in full or partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures under Section 9-622.\n\n382-A:9-624 Waiver.\n\n(a) Waiver of disposition notification. A debtor or secondary obligor may waive the right to notification of disposition of collateral under Section 9-611 only by an agreement to that effect entered into and authenticated after default.\n\n(b) Waiver of mandatory disposition. A debtor may waive the right to require disposition of collateral under Section 9-620(e) only by an agreement to that effect entered into and authenticated after default.\n\n(c) Waiver of redemption right. Except in a consumer-goods transaction, a debtor or secondary obligor may waive the right to redeem collateral under Section 9-623 only by an agreement to that effect entered into and authenticated after default.\n\nSubpart 2. Noncompliance With Article\n\n382-A:9-625 Remedies for Secured Party's Failure to Comply With Article.\n\n(a) Judicial orders concerning noncompliance. If it is established that a secured party is not proceeding in accordance with this article, a court may order or restrain collection, enforcement, or disposition of collateral on appropriate terms and conditions.\n\n(b) Damages for noncompliance. Subject to subsections (c), (d), and (f), a person is liable for damages in the amount of any loss caused by a failure to comply with this article. Loss caused by a failure to comply may include loss resulting from the debtor's inability to obtain, or increased costs of, alternative financing.\n\n(c) Persons entitled to recover damages; statutory damages in consumer-goods transaction. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-628:\n\n(1) a person that, at the time of the failure, was a debtor, was an obligor, or held a security interest in or other lien on the collateral may recover damages under subsection (b) for its loss; and\n\n(2) if the collateral is consumer goods, a person that was a debtor or a secondary obligor at the time a secured party failed to comply with this part may recover for that failure in any event an amount not less than the credit service charge plus 10 percent of the principal amount of the obligation or the time-price differential plus 10 percent of the cash price.\n\n(d) Recovery when deficiency eliminated or reduced. A debtor whose deficiency is eliminated under Section 9-626 may recover damages for the loss of any surplus. However, a debtor or secondary obligor whose deficiency is eliminated or reduced under Section 9-626 may not otherwise recover under subsection (b) for noncompliance with the provisions of this part relating to collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance.\n\n(e) Statutory damages: noncompliance with specified provisions. In addition to any damages recoverable under subsection (b), the debtor, consumer obligor, or person named as a debtor in a filed record, as applicable, may recover $500 in each case from a person that:\n\n(1) fails to comply with Section 9-208;\n\n(2) fails to comply with Section 9-209;\n\n(3) files a record that the person is not entitled to file under Section 9-509(a);\n\n(4) fails to cause the secured party of record to file or send a termination statement as required by Section 9-513(a) or (c);\n\n(5) fails to comply with Section 9-616(b)(1) and whose failure is part of a pattern, or consistent with a practice, of noncompliance; or\n\n(6) fails to comply with Section 9-616(b)(2).\n\n(f) Statutory damages: noncompliance with Section 9-210. A debtor or consumer obligor may recover damages under subsection (b) and, in addition, $500 in each case from a person that, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with a request under Section 9-210. A recipient of a request under Section 9-210 which never claimed an interest in the collateral or obligations that are the subject of a request under that section has a reasonable excuse for failure to comply with the request within the meaning of this subsection.\n\n(g) Limitation of security interest: noncompliance with Section 9-210. If a secured party fails to comply with a request regarding a list of collateral or a statement of account under Section 9-210, the secured party may claim a security interest only as shown in the list or statement included in the request as against a person that is reasonably misled by the failure.\n\n382-A:9-626 Action in Which Deficiency or Surplus Is in Issue.\n\n(a) Applicable rules if amount of deficiency or surplus in issue. In an action arising from a transaction, other than a consumer transaction, in which the amount of a deficiency or surplus is in issue, the following rules apply:\n\n(1) A secured party need not prove compliance with the provisions of this part relating to collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance unless the debtor or a secondary obligor places the secured party's compliance in issue.\n\n(2) If the secured party's compliance is placed in issue, the secured party has the burden of establishing that the collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance was conducted in accordance with this part.\n\n(3) Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-628, if a secured party fails to prove that the collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance was conducted in accordance with the provisions of this part relating to collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance, the liability of a debtor or a secondary obligor for a deficiency is limited to an amount by which the sum of the secured obligation, expenses, and attorney's fees exceeds the greater of:\n\n(A) the proceeds of the collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance; or\n\n(B) the amount of proceeds that would have been realized had the noncomplying secured party proceeded in accordance with the provisions of this part relating to collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance.\n\n(4) For purposes of paragraph (3)(B), the amount of proceeds that would have been realized is equal to the sum of the secured obligation, expenses, and attorney's fees unless the secured party proves that the amount is less than that sum.\n\n(5) If a deficiency or surplus is calculated under Section 9-615(f), the debtor or obligor has the burden of establishing that the amount of proceeds of the disposition is significantly below the range of prices that a complying disposition to a person other than the secured party, a person related to the secured party, or a secondary obligor would have brought.\n\n(b) Non-consumer transactions; no inference. The limitation of the rules in subsection (a) to transactions other than consumer transactions is intended to leave to the court the determination of the proper rules in consumer transactions. The court may not infer from that limitation the nature of the proper rule in consumer transactions and may continue to apply established approaches.\n\n382-A:9-627 Determination of Whether Conduct Was Commercially Reasonable.\n\n(a) Greater amount obtainable under other circumstances; no preclusion of commercial reasonableness. The fact that a greater amount could have been obtained by a collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance at a different time or in a different method from that selected by the secured party is not of itself sufficient to preclude the secured party from establishing that the collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance was made in a commercially reasonable manner.\n\n(b) Dispositions that are commercially reasonable. A disposition of collateral is made in a commercially reasonable manner if the disposition is made:\n\n(1) in the usual manner on any recognized market;\n\n(2) at the price current in any recognized market at the time of the disposition; or\n\n(3) otherwise in conformity with reasonable commercial practices among dealers in the type of property that was the subject of the disposition.\n\n(c) Approval by court or on behalf of creditors. A collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance is commercially reasonable if it has been approved:\n\n(1) in a judicial proceeding;\n\n(2) by a bona fide creditors' committee;\n\n(3) by a representative of creditors; or\n\n(4) by an assignee for the benefit of creditors.\n\n(d) Approval under subsection (c) not necessary; absence of approval has no effect. Approval under subsection (c) need not be obtained, and lack of approval does not mean that the collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance is not commercially reasonable.\n\n382-A:9-628 Nonliability and Limitation on Liability of Secured Party; Liability of Secondary Obligor.\n\n(a) Limitation of liability of secured party for noncompliance with article. Unless a secured party knows that a person is a debtor or obligor, knows the identity of the person, and knows how to communicate with the person:\n\n(1) the secured party is not liable to the person, or to a secured party or lienholder that has filed a financing statement against the person, for failure to comply with this article; and\n\n(2) the secured party's failure to comply with this article does not affect the liability of the person for a deficiency.\n\n(b) Limitation of liability based on status as secured party. A secured party is not liable because of its status as secured party:\n\n(1) to a person that is a debtor or obligor, unless the secured party knows:\n\n(A) that the person is a debtor or obligor;\n\n(B) the identity of the person; and\n\n(C) how to communicate with the person; or\n\n(2) to a secured party or lienholder that has filed a financing statement against a person, unless the secured party knows:\n\n(A) that the person is a debtor; and\n\n(B) the identity of the person.\n\n(c) Limitation of liability if reasonable belief that transaction not a consumer-goods transaction or consumer transaction. A secured party is not liable to any person, and a person's liability for a deficiency is not affected, because of any act or omission arising out of the secured party's reasonable belief that a transaction is not a consumer-goods transaction or a consumer transaction or that goods are not consumer goods, if the secured party's belief is based on its reasonable reliance on:\n\n(1) a debtor's representation concerning the purpose for which collateral was to be used, acquired, or held; or\n\n(2) an obligor's representation concerning the purpose for which a secured obligation was incurred.\n\n(d) Limitation of liability for statutory damages. A secured party is not liable to any person under Section 9-625(c)(2) for its failure to comply with Section 9-616.\n\n(e) Limitation of multiple liability for statutory damages. A secured party is not liable under Section 9-625(c)(2) more than once with respect to any one secured obligation.\n\nPart 7\n\nTransition\n\n382-A:9-701 Effective Date. This Act takes effect on July 1, 2001. References in this part to \"this Act\" refer to the legislative enactment by which this part is added to RSA 382-A:9. References in this part to \"former Article 9\" refer to RSA 382-A:9 as in effect immediately before this Act takes effect.\n\n382-A:9-702 Savings Clause.\n\n(a) Pre-effective-date transactions or liens. Except as otherwise provided in this part, this Act applies to a transaction or lien within its scope, even if the transaction or lien was entered into or created before this Act takes effect.\n\n(b) Continuing validity. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) and Sections 9-703 through 9-709:\n\n(1) transactions and liens that were not governed by former Article 9, were validly entered into or created before this Act takes effect, and would be subject to this Act if they had been entered into or created after this Act takes effect, and the rights, duties, and interests flowing from those transactions and liens remain valid after this Act takes effect; and\n\n(2) the transactions and liens may be terminated, completed, consummated, and enforced as required or permitted by this Act or by the law that otherwise would apply if this Act had not taken effect.\n\n(c) Pre-effective-date proceedings. This Act does not affect an action, case, or proceeding commenced before this Act takes effect.\n\n382-A:9-703 Security Interest Perfected Before Effective Date.\n\n(a) Continuing priority over lien creditor: perfection requirements satisfied. A security interest that is enforceable immediately before this Act takes effect and would have priority over the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor at that time is a perfected security interest under this Act if, when this Act takes effect, the applicable requirements for enforceability and perfection under this Act are satisfied without further action.\n\n(b) Continuing priority over lien creditor: perfection requirements not satisfied. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-705, if, immediately before this Act takes effect, a security interest is enforceable and would have priority over the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor at that time, but the applicable requirements for enforceability or perfection under this Act are not satisfied when this Act takes effect, the security interest:\n\n(1) is a perfected security interest for one year after this Act takes effect;\n\n(2) remains enforceable thereafter only if the security interest becomes enforceable under Section 9-203 before the year expires; and\n\n(3) remains perfected thereafter only if the applicable requirements for perfection under this Act are satisfied before the year expires.\n\n382-A:9-704 Security Interest Unperfected Before Effective Date. A security interest that is enforceable immediately before this Act takes effect but which would be subordinate to the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor at that time:\n\n(1) remains an enforceable security interest for one year after this Act takes effect;\n\n(2) remains enforceable thereafter if the security interest becomes enforceable under Section 9-203 when this Act takes effect or within one year thereafter; and\n\n(3) becomes perfected:\n\n(A) without further action, when this Act takes effect if the applicable requirements for perfection under this Act are satisfied before or at that time; or\n\n(B) when the applicable requirements for perfection are satisfied if the requirements are satisfied after that time.\n\n382-A:9-705 Effectiveness of Action Taken Before Effective Date.\n\n(a) Pre-effective-date action; one-year perfection period unless reperfected. If action, other than the filing of a financing statement, is taken before this Act takes effect and the action would have resulted in priority of a security interest over the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor had the security interest become enforceable before this Act takes effect, the action is effective to perfect a security interest that attaches under this Act within one year after this Act takes effect. An attached security interest becomes unperfected one year after this Act takes effect unless the security interest becomes a perfected security interest under this Act before the expiration of that period.\n\n(b) Pre-effective-date filing. The filing of a financing statement before this Act takes effect is effective to perfect a security interest to the extent the filing would satisfy the applicable requirements for perfection under this Act.\n\n(c) Pre-effective-date filing in jurisdiction formerly governing perfection. Except as provided in subsection (g), this Act does not render ineffective an effective financing statement that, before this Act takes effect, is filed and satisfies the applicable requirements for perfection under the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in Section 9-103 of former Article 9. However, except as otherwise provided in subsections (d) and (e) and Section 9-706, the financing statement ceases to be effective at the earlier of:\n\n(1) the time the financing statement would have ceased to be effective under the law of the jurisdiction in which it is filed; or\n\n(2) June 30, 2006.\n\n(d) Continuation statement. The filing of a continuation statement after this Act takes effect does not continue the effectiveness of the financing statement filed before this Act takes effect. However, upon the timely filing of a continuation statement after this Act takes effect and in accordance with the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in Part 3, the effectiveness of a financing statement filed in the same office in that jurisdiction before this Act takes effect continues for the period provided by the law of that jurisdiction.\n\n(e) Application of subsection (c)(2) to transmitting utility financing statement. Subsection (c)(2) applies to a financing statement that, before this Act takes effect, is filed against a transmitting utility and satisfies the applicable requirements for perfection under the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in Section 9-103 of former Article 9 only to the extent that Part 3 provides that the law of a jurisdiction other than jurisdiction in which the financing statement is filed governs perfection of a security interest in collateral covered by the financing statement.\n\n(f) Application of Part 5. A financing statement that includes a financing statement filed before this Act takes effect and a continuation statement filed after this Act takes effect is effective only to the extent that it satisfies the requirements of Part 5 for an initial financing statement.\n\n(g) Pre-effective-date dual filings. A financing statement filed before this Act takes effect in a municipal clerk's office pursuant to Section 9-401(1)(c) of former Article 9 shall no longer be effective. The related financing statement filed in the office of the secretary of state shall remain effective, subject to subsection (c).\n\n382-A:9-706 When Initial Financing Statement Suffices to Continue Effectiveness of Financing Statement.\n\n(a) Initial financing statement in lieu of continuation statement. The filing of an initial financing statement in the office specified in Section 9-501 continues the effectiveness of a financing statement filed before this Act takes effect if:\n\n(1) the filing of an initial financing statement in that office would be effective to perfect a security interest under this Act;\n\n(2) the pre-effective-date financing statement was filed in an office in another State or another office in this State; and\n\n(3) the initial financing statement satisfies subsection (c).\n\n(b) Period of continued effectiveness. The filing of an initial financing statement under subsection (a) continues the effectiveness of the pre-effective-date financing statement:\n\n(1) if the initial financing statement is filed before this Act takes effect, for the period provided in Section 9-403 of former Article 9 with respect to a financing statement; and\n\n(2) if the initial financing statement is filed after this Act takes effect, for the period provided in Section 9-515 with respect to an initial financing statement.\n\n(c) Requirements for initial financing statement under subsection (a). To be effective for purposes of subsection (a), an initial financing statement must:\n\n(1) satisfy the requirements of Part 5 for an initial financing statement;\n\n(2) identify the pre-effective-date financing statement by indicating the office in which the financing statement was filed and providing the dates of filing and file numbers, if any, of the financing statement and of the most recent continuation statement filed with respect to the financing statement; and\n\n(3) indicate that the pre-effective-date financing statement remains effective.\n\n(d) Copy of pre-effective-date financing statement to be attached. Photocopies of the pre-effective-date financing statement and any related amendments, continuations, and assignments, all as filed in the office referred to in subsection (a)(2), may be, but are not required to be, attached to the initial financing statement filed under subsection (a). Such photocopies need not be certified.\n\n382-A:9-707 Amendment of Pre-Effective-Date Financing Statement.\n\n(a) \"Pre-effective-date financing statement\". In this section, \"pre-effective-date financing statement\" means a financing statement filed before this Act takes effect.\n\n(b) Applicable law. After this Act takes effect, a person may add or delete collateral covered by, continue or terminate the effectiveness of, or otherwise amend the information provided in, a pre-effective-date financing statement only in accordance with the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in Part 3. However, the effectiveness of a pre-effective-date financing statement also may be terminated in accordance with the law of the jurisdiction in which the financing statement is filed.\n\n(c) Method of amending; general rule. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), if the law of this State governs perfection of a security interest, the information in a pre-effective-date financing statement may be amended after this Act takes effect only if:\n\n(1) the pre-effective-date financing statement and an amendment are filed in the office specified in Section 9-501;\n\n(2) an amendment is filed in the office specified in Section 9-501 concurrently with, or after the filing in that office of, an initial financing statement that satisfies Section 9-706(c); or\n\n(3) an initial financing statement that provides the information as amended and satisfies Section 9-706(c) is filed in the office specified in Section 9-501.\n\n(d) Method of amending: continuation. If the law of this State governs perfection of a security interest, the effectiveness of a pre-effective-date financing statement may be continued only under Section 9-705(d) and (f) or 9-706.\n\n(e) Method of amending: additional termination rule. Whether or not the law of this State governs perfection of a security interest, the effectiveness of a pre-effective-date financing statement filed in this State may be terminated after this Act takes effect by filing a termination statement in the office in which the pre-effective-date financing statement is filed, unless an initial financing statement that satisfies Section 9-706(c) has been filed in the office specified by the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in Part 3 as the office in which to file a financing statement.\n\n382-A:9-708 Persons Entitled to File Initial Financing Statement or Continuation Statement. A person may file an initial financing statement or a continuation statement under this part if:\n\n(1) the secured party of record authorizes the filing; and\n\n(2) the filing is necessary under this part:\n\n(A) to continue the effectiveness of a financing statement filed before this Act takes effect; or\n\n(B) to perfect or continue the perfection of a security interest.\n\n382-A:9-709 Priority.\n\n(a) Law governing priority. This Act determines the priority of conflicting claims to collateral. However, if the relative priorities of the claims were established before this Act takes effect, former Article 9 determines priority.\n\n(b) Priority if security interest becomes enforceable under Section 9-203. For purposes of Section 9-322(a), the priority of a security interest that becomes enforceable under Section 9-203 of this Act dates from the time this Act takes effect if the security interest is perfected under this Act by the filing of a financing statement before this Act takes effect which would not have been effective to perfect the security interest under former Article 9. This subsection does not apply to conflicting security interests each of which is perfected by the filing of such a financing statement.\n\n382-A:9-710 Former Filing Office Duties.\n\n(a) Maintenance and destruction of records. Every city or town clerk's office (\"former filing office\") shall maintain a record of every financing statement filed with such office under former Article 9 until the earlier of one year after a termination statement is filed with respect to such financing statement or June 30, 2007. As of July 1, 2007, all remaining records of, or relating to, financing statements filed in such office under former Article 9 may be destroyed.\n\n(b) Acceptance or rejection of filings. A former filing office shall accept for filing any termination statement relating to a financing statement filed with such office under former Article 9. The fee for filing such a termination statement shall be $15, and shall be retained by the former filing office. A former filing office shall not accept or file any initial financing statement or any other record relating to a financing statement filed with such office under former Article 9.\n\n(c) Communication of requested information. Until July 1, 2007, a former filing office shall respond to a request for information concerning its records in the same way and to the same extent as is required of a filing office under Section 9-523(c), (d), and (e), and shall be entitled to charge and retain the same fees as are prescribed in Section 9-525(d). Such a request for information shall be prepared, submitted, and processed separately from a request for information submitted under Section 9-523(g), and the fees prescribed in Section 9-525(d) shall apply separately to each request and the response thereto.\n\n102:26 Persons and Property Taxable; Manufactured Housing; Tax Lien Filed with Register of Deeds. Amend RSA 72:7-a, II to read as follows:\n\nII. There shall be a lien for uncollected taxes upon any manufactured housing suitable for use for domestic, commercial or industrial purposes that has been taxed pursuant to paragraphs I and I-a. Said lien shall take precedence over all other liens and encumbrances upon said manufactured housing and shall continue in force until 1- 1/2 years from the assessment of the tax. The tax collector shall file with the town or city clerk, and with the register of deeds for the county in which the manufactured housing is then located, a copy of a document stating the existence of any such lien, the amount of the uncollected taxes secured by the lien, the name and address of the person liable for the tax as of the date of its assessment, and a description of the manufactured housing upon which the tax has been assessed. The town or city clerk shall keep a file of such documents, which shall be open to public inspection. Upon payment, release, or satisfaction of the lien, the tax collector shall file a notice thereof with the town or city clerk and with the register of deeds. There shall be no fees chargeable for any such filings with the town or city clerk.\n\n102:27 Hazardous Waste Cleanup Fund; Lien; Amended Reference. Amend RSA 147-B:10-b, II to read as follows:\n\nII. In order for the lien created under this section to be valid and effective against the real property of a person liable under RSA 147-B:10, I, the department shall record the notice of lien in the registry of deeds for each county in which such person owns or holds an interest in real property. Upon its recording in a registry of deeds, the notice of lien shall be effective against all real property of the person located within such county. In order for the lien created by this section to be perfected and valid against the business revenues and personal property, tangible and intangible, of the person subject to liability under RSA 147-B:10, I, the department shall record the notice of lien with the office of the secretary of state in which financing statements are filed pursuant to [ RSA 382-A:9-401] RSA 382-A:9-501(a)(2). The department shall file separate notices of lien forms for each person subject to liability under RSA 147-B:10, I. There shall be no charge for filing a notice of lien. The fee for discharging a notice of lien shall be borne by the person identified in the notice of lien.\n\n102:28 Administration of Motor Vehicle Laws; Statutory Lien Powers; Notice of Lien Filed with Secretary of State. Amend RSA 260:63, II to read as follows:\n\nII. After rendering a decision the commissioner shall file notice of the lien as follows:\n\n(a) In the case of personal property subject to the lien, [ except] including vehicles, the notice shall be filed with the [ clerk of the town or city in which the property is situated] secretary of state;\n\n(b) In the case of real property subject to the lien, notice shall be filed in the registry of deeds for the county wherein such property is situated;\n\n(c) In the case of vehicles subject to the lien, notice shall also be filed with the motor vehicle administrator in the state in which the vehicle is registered;\n\n[ (d) In the case of an out-of-state non-resident person, notice of the lien on personal property and real property, and additional notice of the lien on vehicles shall be filed with the secretary of state.]\n\n102:29 New Paragraph; Administration of Motor Vehicle Laws; Filing Fees. Amend RSA 260:63 by inserting after paragraph III the following new paragraph:\n\nIV. The fees payable for filing or recording any notice of lien under paragraph II(a) or (b) or any certificate of release of such a lien in the same offices shall be in accordance with RSA 478:17-g.\n\n102:30 Unemployment Compensation; Property Lien; Notice of Lien Filed with Secretary of State. Amend RSA 282-A:143 to read as follows:\n\n282-A:143 Property Lien. If any employer required to pay contributions under this chapter neglects or refuses to pay contributions after demand, the amount, together with all penalties, fees, and interest and any costs that may accrue becomes a lien in favor of the state upon all property and rights to property whether real or personal, belonging to the employer. The lien arises at the time demand is made by the commissioner and continues until the liability for the sum, with interest and costs, is satisfied. Certificates of release of such lien shall be issued on the satisfaction of the lien. For the purposes of RSA 282-A:141-155, \"employer\" in the case of corporations or limited liability companies includes the president, treasurer, members, or any other person in a managerial capacity of said corporation or limited liability company. No lien against real property under this section shall be effective until it is recorded at the registry of deeds for the county in which the real property lies. Liens against personal property shall be filed in the office of the secretary of state. Fees for recording and filing such liens and any certificates of release thereof shall be in accordance with RSA 478:17-g.\n\n102:31 Notice of Sale of Bulky Articles; Security Interest Filed with Secretary of State. Amend RSA 340:3 to read as follows:\n\n340:3 Memorandum; Record. Constructive notice may be given of a sale of grain, threshed or unthreshed, straw, corn-fodder, hay, flax, potatoes, leaf tobacco, lumber, bark, wood or other fuel, bricks, stones, lime, gypsum, ore, manufacturing or other machinery, or hides in the process of tanning, by written memorandum signed by the vendor and vendee describing the property, its location and the consideration of such sale, and containing an affidavit as provided in RSA 340:4, and causing the same to be filed in the office of [ the town clerk or] the secretary of state or in the registry of deeds, as the case may be, where filing is required to perfect a security interest in such goods under [ RSA 382-A:9-401] RSA 382-A:9-501.\n\n102:32 New Chapter; State Food Security Act. Amend RSA by inserting after chapter 438 the following new chapter:\n\nCHAPTER 439\n\nSTATE FOOD SECURITY ACT\n\n439:1 Definitions. The following terms as used in this chapter shall have the meanings given them in Section 1324 of the Food Security Act of 1985, 7 USC section 1631, as amended, and in the regulations adopted pursuant thereto: \"amount [of farm products],\" \"buyer in the ordinary course of business,\" \"commission merchant,\" \"crop year,\" \"description [of farm products],\" \"farm products,\" \"farm product category,\" \"reasonable description of the real estate,\" \"security interest,\" and \"selling agent.\"\n\n439:2 Protection for Buyers of Farm Products.\n\nI. A secured party may enforce a security interest in farm products against a buyer who, in the ordinary course of business, purchases farm products from, or a commission merchant or selling agent who, in the ordinary course of business, sells farm products for a person engaged in farming operations only where the buyer, commission merchant or selling agent has received from the secured party or seller written notice of the security interest which complies with the requirements of Section 1324 of the Food Security Act of 1985, as amended, or where the secured party has signed and filed with the secretary of state a form containing the following information:\n\n(a) The name and address of the borrower.\n\n(b) The borrower's signature.\n\n(c) The name and address of the secured party.\n\n(d) The social security number of the borrower, or in the case of a borrower doing business other than as an individual, the borrower's Internal Revenue Service taxpayer identification number.\n\n(e) A description of the farm products subject to the security interest, including the amount of such products, where applicable.\n\n(f) A reasonable description of the real estate, including the name of the county, where the farm products are located.\n\nII. The form described in paragraph I shall be amended in writing, and similarly signed and filed, to reflect material changes within 3 months of such changes. The effectiveness and continuation or amendment of the form is to be treated as if it were a financing statement filed under RSA 382-A:9. The fee for filing and indexing the form described in paragraph I, or any continuation or amendment thereof, shall be in accordance with RSA 478:17-g.\n\n439:3 Duties of Secretary of State.\n\nI. The secretary of state or his or her designee shall develop and implement a central indexing system containing the information filed pursuant to RSA 439:2. Under this system the secretary of state shall record the date and time of filing and compile the information into a master list organized according to farm products. The list shall be organized within each farm product category in alphabetical order according to the last name of the borrower (or, in the case of borrowers doing business other than as individuals, the first word in the name of such borrower), in numerical order according to the social security or taxpayer identification number of the borrower, geographically by county, and by crop year. The master list shall also contain the name and address of the secured party, the name and address of the borrower, a description of the farm products, including amount where applicable, subject to the security interest, and a reasonable description of the real estate, including the county, where the farm products are located.\n\nII. The secretary of state shall maintain a list of all buyers of farm products, commission merchants, and selling agents who register with the secretary of state indicating an interest in receiving the lists described in paragraph III. The fee for such registration shall be $100 annually.\n\nIII. The secretary of state shall distribute, on a regular basis to be determined by the secretary of state, to each buyer, commission merchant, and selling agent registered under paragraph II a copy in written or printed form of those portions of the master list which the buyer, commission merchant, or selling agent has indicated an interest in receiving.\n\nIV. Upon the request of any person the secretary of state shall provide, within 24 hours, an oral confirmation of the filing of the form described in RSA 439:2 followed by a written confirmation.\n\n102:33 Statutory Liens on Personal Property; Notice to Lienholder. Amend RSA 444:4-a to read as follows:\n\n444:4-a Notice to Lienholder. A lienholder under this chapter shall inquire by writing, by certified mail return receipt requested, to determine from the division of motor vehicles of the department of safety, the secretary of state and the town clerk with regard to a motor vehicle and from the secretary of state and the town clerk with regard to other personal property, whether a lien exists upon the title to said motor vehicle or other personal property. Any such written inquiry that requests information on financing statements filed under RSA 382-A shall be in the form, and subject to the fees, required by that chapter. If no response is received by the lienholder from the department of safety, the secretary of state or the town clerk within 14 days after such inquiry has been received, sale of the motor vehicle or personal property may proceed as prescribed by this chapter. If determination is made under the above procedure that a lien exists, a notice of the sale under this chapter shall be sent by certified mail return receipt requested to each lienholder having a recorded lien on said automobile or personal property. The notice shall be sent at least 14 days prior to the date of the sale and shall include the date, time and place of said sale and the amount of the statutory lien claimed. Any lienholder having a recorded lien shall be entitled to redeem the personal property prior to the sale by payment of the amount of said statutory lien, and the lienholder shall have the right of possession from the individual or institution exercising said statutory lien.\n\n102:34 Liens in Favor of Hospitals and Home Health Care Providers; Index of Liens. Amend RSA 448-A:4 to read as follows:\n\n448-A:4 Index of Liens. Every town or city clerk shall, at the expense of the town or city, provide a book or card filing system to be called the hospital and home health care provider lien docket in which, upon the filing of any lien claim under the provisions of this chapter, he shall enter the name of the injured person, the name of the person, firm or corporation alleged to be liable for the injuries, the date of the accident and the name of the hospital, home health care provider, or other institution making the claim. The clerk shall make a proper index of the same in the name of the injured person, and such clerk shall be entitled to be paid a fee of $15 by the lien claimant for such filing. In lieu of maintaining a separate filing system and index for such liens, any clerk may maintain a combined filing system and index that include other liens.\n\n102:35 Lien for Nonpayment of Aircraft Registration Fees. Amend RSA 450:4, II and III to read as follows:\n\nII. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, or any other provision of law, all liens arising under this section shall be [ recorded at the town clerk's office where the owner lives or has its primary place of business and] filed at the office of the secretary of state. [ If the owner is not a New Hampshire resident, the lien shall be recorded at the town clerk's office where the aircraft is kept and at the office of the secretary of state.] The fees for filing such liens and any releases thereof shall be in accordance with RSA 478:17-g. A copy of the lien shall also be filed with the Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Registry.\n\nIII.(a) The state, in order to perfect a lien under this section, shall include in the lien:\n\n(1) A specific description of the aircraft as required in accordance with a certificate issued under RSA 422:26;\n\n(2) The name or names of the persons or entities designated as an owner of the aircraft and the applicable addresses;\n\n(3) The amount of unpaid assessments currently due or past due together with the date when each fell due; and\n\n(4) The date of issuance of the lien.\n\n(b) It shall be the duty of the [ register or clerk, in whose office the lien is filed in accordance with paragraph II,] secretary of state to [ record] file and index the lien in the names of the persons or entities identified as the owner, as well as in the name of the state. The cost of [ recording] filing such lien shall be taxed against the party found liable in any judgment or decree enforcing such lien.\n\n102:36 Lien for Nonpayment of Aircraft Registration Fees. Amend RSA 450:4, V to read as follows:\n\nV. When payment or satisfaction is made of a debt secured by a lien, the lien shall be released by filing a release of lien with [ the town clerk,] the secretary of state[,] and the Federal Aviation Administration. For the purposes of this section, the state shall be deemed the duly authorized agent of the lien creditor and shall discharge the lien.\n\n102:37 Self-Service Storage Facility Liens; Notice to Lienholder. Amend RSA 451-C:4, I to read as follows:\n\nI. An owner shall inquire in writing, by certified mail return receipt requested, to determine from the division of motor vehicles, the secretary of state, and the town clerk with regard to a motor vehicle, and from the secretary of state and town clerk with regard to other personal property, whether a lien exists upon the title to said motor vehicle or other personal property. Any such written inquiry that requests information on financing statements filed under RSA 382-A shall be in the form, and subject to the fees, required by that chapter. If no lien is found, or in the case where the inquiry had been made in writing and no response is received from the division of motor vehicles, the secretary of state, or the town clerk within 14 days after such inquiry is mailed, the owner may proceed to sell or otherwise dispose of such personal property as prescribed by this chapter.\n\n102:38 Uniform Federal Lien Registration Act; Duties of Secretary of State and Town or City Clerk. Amend RSA 454-B:4, I(a) to read as follows:\n\n(a) The secretary of state, the secretary shall cause the notice to be marked, held, and indexed in accordance with the provisions of [ RSA 382-A:9-403(4)] RSA 382-A:9-519 as if the notice were a financing statement within the meaning of RSA 382-A, the Uniform Commercial Code.\n\n102:39 Uniform Federal Lien Registration Act; Duties of Secretary of State and Town or City Clerk. Amend RSA 454-B:4, II(a) to read as follows:\n\n(a) Cause a certificate of release or non-attachment to be marked, held, and indexed as if the certificate were a termination statement within the meaning of RSA 382-A, the Uniform Commercial Code, but the notice of lien to which the certificate relates may not be removed from the files until one year after the certificate was received, or 12 years after the notice was filed, whichever occurs first; and\n\n102:40 Uniform Federal Lien Registration Act; Duties of Secretary of State and Town or City Clerk. Amend RSA 454-B:4, IV to read as follows:\n\nIV. Upon request of any person, the secretary of state or the town or city clerk shall issue his certificate showing whether there is on file, on the date and hour stated therein, any notice of federal lien or certificate or notice filed under this chapter or any notice of federal tax lien or certificate or notice filed under former RSA 454-A, naming a particular person, and if a notice or certificate is on file, giving the date and hour of filing of each notice or certificate. The fee for such a certificate, or a copy of any notice of federal lien or notice or certificate affecting a federal lien shall be in accordance with the fees established pursuant to [ RSA 382-A:9-407] RSA 382-A:9-525.\n\n102:41 Uniform Federal Lien Registration Act; Fees. Amend RSA 454-B:5 to read as follows:\n\n454-B:5 Fees. The fee for filing and indexing each notice of lien or certificate or notice affecting the lien [ at the applicable registry of deeds] shall be in accordance with the fees established pursuant to RSA 478:17-g [ and at the office of the secretary of state or the clerk of any city or town shall be in accordance with the fees established pursuant to Article 9 of RSA 382-A, the Uniform Commercial Code].\n\n102:42 New Chapter; Personal Property Lien Index. Amend RSA by inserting after chapter 454-B the following new chapter:\n\nCHAPTER 454-C\n\nPERSONAL PROPERTY LIEN INDEX\n\n454-C:1 Index of Liens.\n\nI. The secretary of state shall maintain a consolidated index of certain liens affecting personal property and filed with the secretary of state and city and town clerks. The liens to be included in the index are as follows:\n\n(a) Federal tax liens (RSA 454-B);\n\n(b) State tax liens (RSA 21-J:28-c);\n\n(c) Aircraft registration fee liens (RSA 450:4);\n\n(d) Writs of attachment (RSA 511:23 and RSA 511-A:5);\n\n(e) Child support liens (RSA 458:17);\n\n(f) Housing finance authority liens (RSA 204-C:19);\n\n(g) Hazardous waste liens (RSA 147-B:10-b);\n\n(h) Employment security liens (RSA 282-A:143 & 165);\n\n(i) State Food Security Act liens (RSA 439);\n\n(j) Manufactured housing tax liens (RSA 72:7-a);\n\n(k) Road toll liens (RSA 260:63); and\n\n(l) Creditor's bill liens (RSA 498:14).\n\nII. The index shall include the following information with regard to each such lien, or any full release thereof:\n\n(a) Name and address of every debtor;\n\n(b) Name and address of first-listed lienor;\n\n(c) Type of lien and statutory authority;\n\n(d) Location of filing of lien;\n\n(e) Date and time of filing of lien or full release; and\n\n(f) File number, if any.\n\n454-C:2 Notice of Filing or Full Release. Any person or agency filing such a lien, or a full release of such a lien, with the secretary of state or a city or town clerk shall submit with the lien or release documentation a notice of filing of lien or notice of full release of lien, as applicable, on a form prescribed by the secretary of state, containing the information specified in RSA 454-C:1, II(a) through (c). The secretary of state or the city or town clerk that receives the filing shall enter on the notice the information specified in RSA 454-C:1, II(d) through (f). If a federal agency files such a lien or full release with a city or town clerk without an accompanying notice of filing or full release, the clerk shall complete a notice of filing or full release, as appropriate.\n\n454-C:3 Entry of Information in Index.\n\nI. Except as otherwise provided in RSA 454-C:7, whenever any such lien, or a full release of any such lien, is filed with the secretary of state, an image of the notice of filing or full release, or the information contained in such notice, shall be entered in the index within 3 business days.\n\nII. Except as otherwise provided in RSA 454-C:7, and only as to federal, state, and manufactured housing tax liens, whenever any such lien, or a full release of any such lien, is filed with a city or town clerk, the clerk shall within 2 business days transmit to the secretary of state, by mail or other medium prescribed or authorized by the secretary of state, a copy of, or an electronic record of all information contained in, the notice of filing of lien or notice of full release of lien submitted by the person or agency filing the lien or release pursuant to RSA 454-C:2. The term \"business day\" as used in the preceding sentence shall mean a day on which the clerk's office is open for business. Only the notice itself or electronic record thereof shall be so transmitted, not the other lien documentation filed with the notice. The secretary of state within 3 business days of such receipt shall enter an image of the notice or the information contained therein in the index, and shall periodically transmit to each such clerk an acknowledgment of receipt of such notices or electronic records. Pursuant to the statutes providing for the filing of each type of lien listed in RSA 454-C:1, I, no such liens other than federal, state, and manufactured housing tax liens will be filed with city or town clerks subsequent to the effective date of this chapter.\n\n454-C:4 Period of Retention. The secretary of state shall maintain the image of the notice or the information therefrom regarding each lien and any full release thereof in the index until at least the earlier of one year after the secretary of state receives a full release or notice of full release of the lien, or the expiration of the time period noted herein for each category of lien:\n\nI. Federal tax liens (RSA 454-B) - 12 years from date of filing or latest refiling;\n\nII. State tax liens (RSA 21-J:28-c) - 7 years from date of filing;\n\nIII. State Food Security Act liens (RSA 439) - one year from lapse;\n\nIV. All other liens - 12 years from date of filing.\n\n454-C:5 Request for Information. Any response to a request to the secretary of state for information on a particular debtor made under RSA 382-A:9-523(c), (f), (g), or (h), shall include at a minimum the date and time of filing of every lien against that debtor included in the index. The response shall include information on all such liens as to which either the lien itself (in the case of a lien filed with the secretary of state) or a notice of filing of lien (in the case of a lien filed with a city or town clerk) was received on or before a date specified in the response, which shall not be a date earlier than 3 business days before the request for information was received. The response shall also specify the beginning date of the period covered by the report. If requested, the response shall also include copies of all or any specified lien notices or documentation on file with the secretary of state.\n\n454-C:6 Extension of Time Periods. The time periods specified in RSA 454-C:3 and RSA 454-C:5 are subject to extension for reasons set forth in RSA 382-A:9-524.\n\n454-C:7 Transition Period.\n\nI. \"Pre-effective-date\" with regard to a lien means filed with the secretary of state or a city or town clerk on or after July 1, 1996, and before July 1, 2001.\n\nII. Not later than June 30, 2003, city and town clerks shall prepare and transmit to the secretary of state a notice of filing for every pre-effective-date federal tax lien not lapsed or fully released as of the date of such transmission, such notice of filing to be on a form prescribed by the secretary of state and containing the information specified in RSA 454-C:1, II; or, if authorized by the secretary of state, an electronic record containing such information. No city or town clerk shall have any liability on account of any error in preparing or transmitting such notices or electronic records. The secretary of state shall transmit to each such clerk an acknowledgment of receipt of such notices or electronic records, and not later than June 30, 2006, shall enter in the index the information specified in RSA 454-C:1, II regarding each such lien, or an image of the notice of filing thereof.\n\nIII. Not later than June 30, 2006, the secretary of state shall also enter in the index equivalent information or images regarding all pre-effective-date liens of all types originally filed with the secretary of state and not lapsed or fully released as of the date of such entry. Prior to the date of such entry, the secretary of state shall include all applicable information on any such liens not yet entered in the index in any response to a request for information made under RSA 382-A:9-523(c), (f), (g), or (h).\n\nIV. Notwithstanding the provisions of RSA 454-C:3, whenever a full release of any pre-effective-date federal, state, or manufactured housing tax lien is filed with a town or city clerk, and (in the case of federal tax liens) a notice of filing of such lien or electronic record thereof has not previously been transmitted to the secretary of state pursuant to paragraph II, such clerk shall remove the lien being released from the file, and shall not forward the notice of full release to the secretary of state; and whenever a full release of any pre-effective-date lien of any type is filed with the secretary of state, and information regarding such lien has not previously been entered in the index pursuant to paragraph III, the secretary of state shall remove the lien being released from the file, and shall not enter an image of the notice of full release, or the information contained therein, in the index.\n\n454-C:8 Rules. The office of the secretary of state may adopt and publish rules to implement this chapter. Such rules shall not be subject to the provisions of RSA 541-A.\n\n102:43 Annulment, Divorce and Separation; Support and Custody of Children. Amend RSA 458:17, VII-a to read as follows:\n\nVII-a. Liens shall arise by operation of law against real and personal property for child support arrearages owed by an obligor who resides or owns property in the state and shall incorporate any unpaid child support which may accrue in the future. Full faith and credit shall be given to such liens arising in another state when the state agency, a party, or other entity authorized to enforce an order of support and seeking to perfect the lien complies with the procedural rules relating to recording or serving liens. Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, such rules may not require judicial notice prior to perfecting the lien. Notices of such liens, and any discharges or releases thereof, shall be filed in the office of the secretary of state with respect to personal property and in the registry of deeds for the county in which any real property is located. No fees shall be charged for such filings and recordings.\n\n102:44 Conveyances of Realty and Interest Therein; Buildings on Land of Another; Buildings; Manufactured Housing. Amend RSA 477:44, IV to read as follows:\n\nIV. As an alternative to the methods prescribed in paragraph II for mortgages of and foreclosures and executions upon manufactured housing, security interests in manufactured housing may be created in the manner prescribed in RSA 382-A:9. Such security interest, properly perfected in the manner prescribed in [ RSA 382-A:9-401(1)(b)] RSA 382-A:9-501(a)(1) shall be entitled to priority over any other interests in such manufactured housing arising after such perfection. A person holding a security interest in manufactured housing shall have all the rights, remedies and obligations provided in RSA 382-A:9; subject, however, to homestead rights as provided in RSA 480:1. In the event such homestead rights are not waived, a secured party foreclosing upon a security interest created under this paragraph shall first pay to the debtor an amount equal to that which a person is entitled to under RSA 480:1, and the same amount to his or her spouse, if any, out of the proceeds of the sale of the manufactured housing, which payment shall extinguish all homestead rights therein.\n\n102:45 Registers of Deeds; Fees. Amend RSA 478:17-g to read as follows:\n\n478:17-g Fees. Unless otherwise specified, the register of deeds and other filing officers shall be entitled to the following fees:\n\nI. For recording each deed, mortgage, attachment of real estate, lease, agreement, assignment, release, partial discharge, or any like document, $10 for the first recorded page, plus $4 for each additional recorded page, except that assignments of mortgages shall be $10 for the first assignment per recorded document, plus $5 for each subsequent mortgage being assigned, plus $4 for each additional recorded page. The complete discharge of a mortgage, filings pursuant to RSA 21-J, RSA 260, RSA 282-A, RSA 382-A, RSA 439, RSA 450, RSA 454-B, RSA 498, RSA 511, or RSA 511-A, or discharge of a lien shall be $15, plus $4 for each additional page; provided that the fees for all filings under RSA 382-A in the office of the secretary of state only shall be as prescribed in RSA 382-A:9-525. [ Filing officers shall be entitled to a $4 charge for each additional page of filing pursuant to RSA 382-A.] These charges shall include all charges for information furnished in compliance with RSA 478:14.\n\nII. For recording plans, $9 for the first 200 square inches or part thereof and $2.50 for each additional 100 square inches or part thereof.\n\nIII. For copying any document or providing any other service, the charge shall be established and posted by the register of deeds.\n\n[ IV. Commencing on the certification date established pursuant to RSA 382-A:9-412(1), the secretary of state shall cease to accept filings of financing statements or amendments, assignments, releases, continuations, or terminations thereof (except for those pertaining to security interests in collateral of a transmitting utility). Commencing on the certification date established pursuant to RSA 382-A:9-412(1), the secretary of state shall also cease to accept filings of attachments of personal property under RSA 511 and RSA 511-A. All such filings shall be made through the office of the clerk of a city or town participating in the centralized filing system administered by the secretary of state under RSA 382-A:9-411. Clerks of those cities and towns participating in the centralized filing system administered by the secretary of state under RSA 382-A shall charge a single fee of $30 for the first page of each filing under RSA 382-A and $8 for each additional page, one half of which shall be held for the use of the state and transferred quarterly to the state treasurer.]\n\n102:46 Equity Powers and Proceedings; Lien; Personal Property. Amend RSA 498:14 to read as follows:\n\n498:14 Lien; Personal Property. When a bill is filed under the provisions of RSA 498:8, the plaintiff may cause a certified copy thereof, and of the order issued thereon, to be filed in the office of the [ clerk of the town in which any defendant resides; and the names of the parties, the time of filing and the court in which the bill is pending shall be entered by the clerk upon the index of attachments, as in case of an attachment of bulky articles] secretary of state, and such filing and the service of the bill upon such defendant shall constitute a lien, as against him and others having after-acquired rights, upon the personal estate, property, interest, right or credit to which the bill relates, or which may be discovered by the proceedings, for the performance of any decree or order relative thereto, in favor of the plaintiff against the defendant. The fees payable for filing a lien under this or the succeeding section shall be in accordance with RSA 478:17-g.\n\n102:47 Equity Powers and Proceedings; Modification or Discharge of Lien. Amend RSA 498:21 to read as follows:\n\n498:21 Modification or Discharge of Lien. Any lien acquired by proceedings in equity may be released, discharged or modified by the court in such manner and upon such terms as justice may require. When any such lien is dissolved or released, by judgment or otherwise, the plaintiff or the plaintiff's attorney, upon request, shall give to the defendant or owner of the property attached one or more discharges thereof, which may be filed or recorded in the office or offices where the lien was filed or recorded. The fees payable for filing or recording such discharges shall be in accordance with RSA 478:17-g.\n\n102:48 Attachments; Corporate Securities. Amend RSA 511:21-a to read as follows:\n\n511:21-a Corporate Securities. A security may be attached or levied upon as provided in [ RSA 382-A:8-317] RSA 382-A:8-112. Whenever jurisdiction exists over the person of a debtor who owns a security and the sheriff or deputy to whom a creditor has delivered process for the attachment of or levy upon such security is unable to seize or take possession of the same, the superior court, upon application of the creditor and with or without notice to the debtor, may issue a mandatory order enjoining the debtor from transferring or encumbering such security and directing the debtor to surrender such security to the sheriff or his deputy within a time limit to be set forth in the order, for the purpose of enabling such officer to attach or levy upon the same. Such order shall be served upon the debtor by such officer, and failure to comply therewith shall be punishable as a contempt of court. No bond shall be required of the creditor as a condition precedent to the issuance of such an order ex parte, but, in such cases, the order of the court shall set a time and place prior to the expiration of the time limit for compliance therewith at which the debtor may be heard if he desires, and upon such hearing, the ex parte order may be stayed or modified for just cause shown. \"Security\" as used in this section means a security as defined in RSA 382-A:8-102.\n\n102:49 Attachments; Bulky Articles, etc. Amend RSA 511:23 to read as follows:\n\n511:23 Bulky Articles, etc. The officer taking possession to levy upon or attaching any livestock or articles which, by reason of their size, situation, fluidity, explosive or inflammable qualities, including motor vehicles, trucks, trailers, and tractors, are incapable of being conveniently taken into actual possession may, within 48 hours thereafter, leave an attested copy of the writ, and of his return of such taking possession or such attachment thereon, at the office of [ the town clerk or] the secretary of state or in the registry of deeds, as the case may be, where filing is required to perfect a security interest in such goods under RSA 382-A, Article 9, and in such cases the attachment shall not be dissolved or defeated by any neglect of the officer to take actual possession of the property. Fees payable for such filing or recording shall be in accordance with RSA 478:17-g. The officer, upon completion of the attachment in the manner provided in this section, shall be under no duty to care for or preserve the attached property unless requested by the attaching creditor, who shall be responsible for all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the officer, including his reasonable fees, in complying with such request.\n\n102:50 Attachments; Duration of Certain Attachments. Amend RSA 511:55 to read as follows:\n\n511:55 Duration of Certain Attachments.\n\nI. Real or personal property attached shall be held until the expiration of 6 years [ and personal property shall be held until the expiration of 60 days] from the time of rendering a judgment in the action in favor of the plaintiff on which he can take execution, and, if there are several attachments, the property shall be held for the creditors in the order in which their attachments were made.\n\nII. An attachment of real estate or of a right or interest therein where there is no judgment involved shall, unless otherwise dissolved, expire by operation of law at the end of 10 years from the date of filing the same in the office of the register of deeds in the county or district where said real estate or some part of it is situated.\n\nIII. An attachment of real estate recorded prior to January 1, 1976, shall expire by operation of law on July 1, 1988, unless renewed in the office of the register of deeds in the county or district where the real estate or some part of it is situated prior to that date.\n\nIV. An attachment of personal property or of a right or interest therein where there is no judgment involved shall, unless otherwise dissolved, expire by operation of law at the end of 10 years from the date of filing the same.\n\nV. An attachment of personal property filed prior to July 1, 1992, shall expire by operation of law on July 1, 2002, unless renewed by refiling in the office of the secretary of state prior to that date.\n\n102:51 Pre-Judgment Attachment Procedure; Filing Attachments. Amend RSA 511-A:5 to read as follows:\n\n511-A:5 Filing Attachments. The order of the court may be filed with the register of deeds as to real estate or with the [,town or city clerk,] secretary of state as to personal property, [ or wherever notice is required to perfect attachments,] by the plaintiff or his attorney, without further notice to the defendant. Where notice of such order needs to be given to any trustee, such order shall be served upon the trustee in such manner as may be prescribed by rules of the superior court. Such attachments shall be effective against any trustee, the defendant and all others, except bona fide purchasers for value, as of the time of service or as ordered by the court. Such attachments shall not be effective against bona fide purchasers for value until attachments of real estate have been recorded in the registry of deeds for the county or counties in which the real estate lies or until other attachments are filed with the [ town or city clerk,] secretary of state[, or wherever notice is required to perfect attachments]. Fees payable for such recordings or filings shall be in accordance with RSA 478:17-g. As between attaching creditors, all attachments made in conformity with this chapter shall have priority in the order of service of notice on the defendant as provided by RSA 511-A:2.\n\n102:52 New Section; Release of Attachment. Amend RSA 511-A by inserting after section 10 the following new section:\n\n511-A:11 Release of Attachment. When an attachment is dissolved or released, by judgment or otherwise, the plaintiff or the plaintiff's attorney, upon request, shall give to the defendant or owner of the property attached one or more discharges thereof, which may be filed or recorded in the office or offices where the attachment was filed or recorded. The fees for filing or recording such discharges shall be in accordance with RSA 478:17-g.\n\n102:53 Executions; Limitation of Issue. Amend RSA 527:6 to read as follows:\n\n527:6 Limitation of Issue. Executions may be issued at any time within two years after judgment rendered, or after the return day of the former execution, provided, however, that when real or personal property is attached executions against such real or personal property may be issued at any time within six years after judgment rendered.\n\n102:54 Repeal. The following are repealed:\n\nI. RSA 361:10-a, relative to the destruction of conditional sales contract records.\n\nII. 1998, 382:13, relative to the place of filing certain federal liens.\n\n102:55 Effective Date.\n\nI. Paragraph II of section 54 of this act shall take effect upon its passage.\n\nII. The remainder of this act shall take effect July 1, 2001.\n\n(Approved: June 26, 2001)\n\n(Effective Date: I. Paragraph II of section 54 shall take effect June 26, 2001\n\nII. 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"/laws/511#s55", "RSA 511-A:5": "/laws/511-a#s5", "RSA 511-A": "/laws/511-a", "RSA 527:6": "/laws/527#s6", "RSA 361:10-a": "/laws/361#s10-a", "RSA 382-A:2-326": "/laws/382-a#s2-326", "RSA 382-A:2-502": "/laws/382-a#s2-502", "RSA 382-A:2": "/laws/382-a", "RSA 382-A:8-110": "/laws/382-a#s8-110", "RSA 382-A:8-301": "/laws/382-a#s8-301", "RSA 382-A:8-302": "/laws/382-a#s8-302", "RSA 382-A:8-510": "/laws/382-a#s8-510", "RSA 382-A:9": "/laws/382-a"}, "changed": ["72:7-a", "147-B:10-b", "260:63", "282-A:143", "340:3", "361:10-a", "382-A:2-103", "382-A:2-210", "382-A:2-326", "382-A:2-502", "382-A:2-716", "382-A:4-210", "382-A:5-118", "382-A:8-103", "382-A:8-106", "382-A:8-110", "382-A:8-301", "382-A:8-302", "382-A:8-510", "382-A:9-101", "382-A:9-102", "382-A:9-103", "382-A:9-104", "382-A:9-105", "382-A:9-106", "382-A:9-107", "382-A:9-108", "382-A:9-109", "382-A:9-110", "382-A:9-201", "382-A:9-202", "382-A:9-203", "382-A:9-204", "382-A:9-205", "382-A:9-206", "382-A:9-207", "382-A:9-208", "382-A:9-209", "382-A:9-210", "382-A:9-301", "382-A:9-302", "382-A:9-303", "382-A:9-304", "382-A:9-305", "382-A:9-306", "382-A:9-307", "382-A:9-308", "382-A:9-309", "382-A:9-310", "382-A:9-311", "382-A:9-312", "382-A:9-313", "382-A:9-314", "382-A:9-315", "382-A:9-316", "382-A:9-317", "382-A:9-318", "382-A:9-319", "382-A:9-320", "382-A:9-321", "382-A:9-322", "382-A:9-323", "382-A:9-324", "382-A:9-325", "382-A:9-326", "382-A:9-327", "382-A:9-328", "382-A:9-329", "382-A:9-330", "382-A:9-331", "382-A:9-332", "382-A:9-333", "382-A:9-334", "382-A:9-335", "382-A:9-336", "382-A:9-337", "382-A:9-338", "382-A:9-339", "382-A:9-340", "382-A:9-341", "382-A:9-342", "382-A:9-401", "382-A:9-402", "382-A:9-403", "382-A:9-404", "382-A:9-405", "382-A:9-406", "382-A:9-407", "382-A:9-408", "382-A:9-409", "382-A:9-501", "382-A:9-502", "382-A:9-503", "382-A:9-504", "382-A:9-505", "382-A:9-506", "382-A:9-507", "382-A:9-508", "382-A:9-509", "382-A:9-510", "382-A:9-511", "382-A:9-512", "382-A:9-513", "382-A:9-514", "382-A:9-515", "382-A:9-516", "382-A:9-517", "382-A:9-518", "382-A:9-519", "382-A:9-520", "382-A:9-521", "382-A:9-522", "382-A:9-523", "382-A:9-524", "382-A:9-525", "382-A:9-526", "382-A:9-527", "382-A:9-528", "382-A:9-529", "382-A:9-601", "382-A:9-602", "382-A:9-603", "382-A:9-604", "382-A:9-605", "382-A:9-606", "382-A:9-607", "382-A:9-608", "382-A:9-609", "382-A:9-610", "382-A:9-611", "382-A:9-612", "382-A:9-613", "382-A:9-614", "382-A:9-615", "382-A:9-616", "382-A:9-617", "382-A:9-618", "382-A:9-619", "382-A:9-620", "382-A:9-621", "382-A:9-622", "382-A:9-623", "382-A:9-624", "382-A:9-625", "382-A:9-626", "382-A:9-627", "382-A:9-628", "382-A:9-701", "382-A:9-702", "382-A:9-703", "382-A:9-704", "382-A:9-705", "382-A:9-706", "382-A:9-707", "382-A:9-708", "382-A:9-709", "382-A:9-710", "382-A:2A-103", "382-A:2A-303", "382-A:2A-307", "382-A:2A-309", "439:1", "439:2", "439:3", "444:4-a", "448-A:4", "450:4", "454-B:4", "454-B:5", "454-C:1", "454-C:2", "454-C:3", "454-C:4", "454-C:5", "454-C:6", "454-C:7", "454-C:8", "477:44", "478:17-g", "498:14", "498:21", "511:21-a", "511:23", "511:55", "511-A:5", "511-A:11", "527:6"]}